Glossary
Accounting profit
Accounting profit
This is also called total profit. It is the difference between total revenue from the sale of a firm’s product and the firm’s explicit cost.
Proposed Translation
Rekeningkundige wins
Dit word ook totale wins genoem. Dit is die verskil tussen totale inkomste uit die verkoop van 'n firma se produk en die firma se eksplisiete koste.
Proposed Translation
Poelo ya diakhaonto
Se se bitšwa gape poelo ya palomoka. Ke phapano magareng ga palomoka ya letseno go tšwa thekišong ya setšweletšwa sa feme le ditshenyagalelo tše di lego molaleng tša feme.
Proposed Translation
Poelo ya diakhaonto
Se se bitšwa gape poelo ya palomoka. Ke phapano magareng ga palomoka ya letseno go tšwa thekišong ya setšweletšwa sa feme le ditshenyagalelo tše di lego molaleng tša feme.
Proposed Translation
Phaello ea liak'haonte
Sena se boetse se bitsoa phaello e felletseng. Ke phapang pakeng tsa kakaretso ea chelete e tsoang thekisong ea sehlahisoa sa feme le litšenyehelo tse hlakileng tsa feme.
Proposed Translation
Vuyelo bya xibalo
Leswi swi tlhela swi vuriwa vuyelo hinkwabyo. I ku hambana exikarhi ka mali hinkwayo leyi nghenaka eka ku xavisiwa ka xiendliwa xa feme na ntsengo lowu nga erivaleni wa feme.
Proposed Translation
Inzuzo yobalo-mali
Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yinzuzo epheleleyo. Ngumahluko phakathi kwengeniso epheleleyo esuka kwintengiso yemveliso yefemu kunye neendleko ezicacileyo zefemu.
Proposed Translation
Inzuzo ye-accounting
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi inzuzo ephelele. Ingumehluko phakathi kwesamba semali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni komkhiqizo wenkampani kanye nezindleko ezisobala zefemu.
Average cost
Average cost
The unit cost per unit of production, that is, the cost to manufacture every individual unit
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Approved Translation
Average fixed cost
Average fixed cost
A firm’s fixed cost divided by quantity produced, that is, the fixed cost involved in producing every individual unit
Approved Translation
Die vaste koste van 'n onderneming gedeel deur die hoeveelheid geproduseer, dit wil sê die vaste koste verbonde aan die vervaardiging van elke individuele eenheid.
Approved Translation
Tshenyagalelo ye e sa fetogego ya kgwebo ge e arolwa ka bontši bja ditšweletšwa — ke gore, tshenyagalelo ye e sa fetogego ye e bilego gona ge go tšweletšwa sekgao se sengwe le se sengwe.
Approved Translation
Tjeo e behilweng ya feme e arolwa ka bongata bo hlahisitsweng — ke ho re, tjeo e behilweng e amehang ho hlahiseng motso o mong le o mong o ikemetseng.
Approved Translation
Nxavonkacinco wa feme lowu avanyisiweke hi ntalo wa swimakiwa – lowu i nxavonkancinco lowu nga eka ku makiwa ka nchumu wun’wana na wun’wana.
Approved Translation
Tshenyegelo e e tsepameng ya kgwebo e arolwa ka bogolo jo bo tlhagisitsweng — go raya gore tshenyegelo e e tsepameng e e dirisiwang mo go tlhagiseng yuniti nngwe le nngwe.
Approved Translation
Iindleko ezisisigxina zeshishini zahlulwa ngesixa esivelisiweyo — oko kukuthi, isigxina seendleko esibandakanyekayo ekuveliseni umlinganiselo ngamnye ngokwahluka kwawo.
Approved Translation
Izindleko eziqinile zenkampani zihlukaniswe ngobuningi obukhiqiziwe, okungukuthi, izindleko ezihleliwe ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni iyunithi ngayinye
Average revenue
Average revenue
This is the firm’s revenue per product, that is, the revenue it earns from every product that it sells. It is equal to total revenue divided by quantity sold.
Approved Translation
Dit is die onderneming se inkomste per produk, dit wil sê die inkomste wat dit verdien uit elke produk wat dit verkoop. Dit is gelyk aan die totale inkomste gedeel deur die hoeveelheid verkoop.
Approved Translation
Tše ke ditseno tša kgwebo go ya ka setšweletšwa, ke gore ditseno tše kgwebo e di hwetšago go tšwa setšweletšweng se sengwe le se sengwe seo e se rekišago. Di lekana le palomoka ya ditseno ge e arolwa ka bontši bjo bo rekišitšwego.
Approved Translation
Ena ke kuno ya feme ka sehlahiswa/seetswa ka seng, ke ho re kuno e nngwe le e nngwe e kotulwang ho sehlahiswa/seetswa se seng le se seng seo e se rekisang. E lekana le paloyohle ya kuno e arotswe ka bongata bo rekisitsweng.
Approved Translation
Leyi i mali ya feme ku ya hi ximakiwa, hileswaku i mali leyi feme yi yi kumaka eku xavisiweni ka ximakiwa xin’wana na xin’wana lexi yi xi xavisaka. Wu ringana na mali hinkwayo loko yi avanyisiwa hi ntalo wa leswi swi xavisiweke.
Approved Translation
Ke lotseno la kgwebo la kumo nngwe le nngwe, go raya gore ke lotseno lo e lo bonang go tswa mo kumong nngwe le nngwe e e e rekisang. E lekana le lotseno lotlhe lo arolwa ka bogolo jo bo rekisitsweng.
Approved Translation
Le yingeniso yeshishini ngemveliso nganye, oko kukuthi ingeniso efunyanwa lishishini elo ngemveliso nganye ethengiswayo. Ilingana nengeniso epheleleyo eyahlulwe ngesixa esithengisiweyo.
Approved Translation
Le yimali engenayo yenkampani ngomkhiqizo ngamunye, okusho ukuthi, imali etholwayo etholwa kuwo wonke umkhiqizo ewuthengisayo. Ilingana nemali engenayo ephelele ehlukaniswe ngobuningi obuthengisiwe.
Average utility
Average utility
Average utility of a product (the satisfaction it provides) is obtained by dividing total utility by quantity of the product used.
Approved Translation
Die gemiddelde bruikbaarheid van 'n produk (die tevredenheid wat dit bied) word verkry deur die totale bruikbaarheid te deel deur die hoeveelheid produk wat gebruik word.
Approved Translation
Mohola wa palogare wa setšweletšwa (kgotsofalo ye e fanago ka yona) o hwetšwa ka go arola moholamoka ka bontši bja setšweletšwa se se dirišwago.
Approved Translation
Palohare ya tshebediso ya sehlahiswa/seetswa (kgotsofatso e nehelanang ka yona) e fumanwa ka ho arola paloyohle ya tshebediso ka bongata ba sehlahiswa/seetswa se sebedisitsweng.
Approved Translation
Mpimoxikarhi wa ntirhiseko wa ximakiwa (eneto lowu xi wu nyikaka) wu kumeka hi ku avanyisa ntirhiseko hinkwawo hi nhlayo ya ximakiwa lexi tirhisiweke.
Approved Translation
Mosola wa palogare wa kumo (kgotsofatso e e e nayang) o bonwa ka go arola mosola otlhe ka bogolo ba kumo e e dirisitsweng.
Approved Translation
Inkoleko eqhelekileyo yemveliso (ukwaneliseka ekunikayo) ifunyanwa ngokwahlula inkoleko epheleleyo ngesixa semveliso esetyenzisiweyo.
Approved Translation
Okusetshenziswayo okumaphakathi komkhiqizo (ukwaneliseka okukuhlinzekayo) kutholakala ngokuhlukanisa konke okusetshenziswayo ngobuningi bomkhiqizo osetshenzisiwe.
Average variable cost
Average variable cost
A firm’s variable cost divided by quantity produced, that is, the variable cost involved in producing every individual unit
Approved Translation
Veranderlike koste van 'n onderneming gedeel deur geproduseerde hoeveelheid, dit wil sê die veranderlike koste verbonde aan die vervaardiging van elke individuele eenheid
Approved Translation
Ditshenyagalelo tše di fetofetogago tša kgwebo ge di arolwa ka bontši bjo bo tšweleditšwego — ke gore ditshenyagalelo tše di fetofetogago tše di amegilego ge go tšweletšwa sekgao se sengwe le se sengwe.
Approved Translation
Tjeo e fetofetohang ya tjeo ya feme e arolwa ka bongata bo hlahisitsweng — ke ho re, tjeo e fetofetohang e amehang ho hlahiseng motso o mong le o mong o ikemetseng.
Approved Translation
Hakelo yo hambanahambana ya feme yi avanyisiwa hi ntalo wa leswi swi makiweke – ku nga, hakelo yo hambanahambana leyi nga eku makiweni ka nchumu wun’wana na wun’wana.
Approved Translation
Tshenyegelo e e farologanang ya kgwebo e e arotsweng ka bogolo jo bo tlhagisitsweng — go tewa tshenyegelo e e farologanang e e dirisitsweng mo go tlhagiseng yuniti nngwe le nngwe.
Approved Translation
Iindleko ezahluka-hlukayo zeshishini zahlulwa ngesixa esivelisiweyo — oko kukuthi, iindleko ezahluka-hlukayo ezibandakanyekayo ekuveliseni umlinganiselo ngamnye ngokwahluka kwawo.
Approved Translation
Izindleko eziguqukayo zenkampani zihlukaniswe ngobuningi obukhiqiziwe, okungukuthi, izindleko eziguqukayo ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni iyunithi ngayinye
Capital intensive
Capital intensive
Capital-intensive production is a form of production in which machines (as opposed to labour) are the most important element in the production process. Examples can be found in the manufacturing and construction industries.
Approved Translation
Kapitaalintensiewe produksie is 'n produksievorm waarin masjiene (in teenstelling met arbeid) die belangrikste element in die produksieproses is. Voorbeelde kan gevind word in die vervaardigings- en konstruksiebedryf.
Approved Translation
Tšweletšo ya go ithekga ka didirišwa ke mohuta wa tšweletšo wo go wona metšhene (go ena le batho), e lego karolo ye bohlokwa kudu ya tšweletšo. Mehlala e ka hwetšwa diintasetering tša tšweletšo le tša go aga.
Approved Translation
Tlhahiso e itshetlehileng ka matla letlotlong ke mokgwa wa tlhahiso moo metjhine (ho fapana le basebetsi) e leng setho sa bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa tshebetsong ya tlhahiso; mehlala e ka fumanwa ditshebetsong tsa ho bopa le ho aha.
Approved Translation
Andziso wa swihumelerisiwa leswi lavaka mali yo tala i ndlela ya andziso laha michini (ku hambana na ku tirhisa vatirhi) yi nga ya nkoka swinene eka phurosese ya ku maka swimakiwa; swikombiso swi nga kumeka eka vumaki bya vumaki na bya vuaki.
Approved Translation
Tlhagiso e e dirisang letlotlo thata ke tlhagiso e mo go yona metšhini (go na le badiri) e leng karolo ya botlhokwa thata mo tsamaisong ya tlhagiso. Dikai di ka bonwa mo madirelong a go bopa le a kago.
Approved Translation
Imveliso egxininise kumandla ezixhobo zokusebenza eziyinkunzi iluhlobo lwemveliso apho oomatshini (xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi ngokwawo) bayinxalenye eyiyona ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemveliso; imizekelo ingafunyanwa kumashishini ayilayo nawakhayo.
Approved Translation
Ukukhiqizwa okubiza imali enkulu kuyindlela yokukhiqiza lapho imishini (ngokungafani nomsebenzi) iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunqubo yokukhiqiza. Izibonelo zingatholakala ezimbonini zokwakha nezokwakha.
Capital/capital goods
Capital/capital goods
The things we use to produce other things, such as machinery and tools
Approved Translation
Die dinge wat ons gebruik om ander dinge te vervaardig, soos masjinerie en gereedskap
Approved Translation
Dilo tše re di šomišago go tšweletša dilo tše dingwe, go swana le metšhene le ditlabelo.
Approved Translation
Dintho tseo re di sebedisang ho hlahisa tse ding, tse kang metjhine le dithulosi.
Approved Translation
Swilo leswi hi swi tirhisaka ku maka swin’wana, swo tanihi michini na switirho.
Approved Translation
Dilo tse re di dirisang go tlhagisa dilo tse dingwe jaaka metšhini le didiriswa.
Approved Translation
Izinto esizisebenzisela ukuvelisa ezinye izinto, ezifana noomatshini nezixhobo zokusebenza.
Approved Translation
Izinto esizisebenzisayo ukukhiqiza ezinye izinto, njengemishini namathuluzi
Capitalism
Capitalism
Pure capitalism is an economic system in which private individuals or firms own all the factors of production and no or very little central planning is done by government. People and firms are allowed to produce, buy and sell freely, thereby creating markets that operate without government intervention.
Approved Translation
Suiwer kapitalisme is 'n ekonomiese stelsel waarin private individue of firmas al die produksiefaktore besit en geen of baie min sentrale beplanning deur die regering gedoen word. Mense en ondernemings word toegelaat om vrylik te vervaardig, te koop en te verkoop, en sodoende markte te skep wat sonder die regering se ingryping werk.
Approved Translation
Bokapitale bja kgonthe ke lenaneo la ekonomi leo go lona batho ba poraebete goba difeme e lego beng ba didirišwa ka moka tša tšweletšo, le gona ga go na peakanyo ye kgolo ye e dirwago ke mmušo, gomme mo e lego gona e ba ye nnyane kudu. Batho le difeme ba dumelelwa go tšweletša, go reka le go rekiša ka tokologo gomme ka tsela yeo ba bula mebaraka yeo e šomago ntle le tsenogare ya mmušo.
Approved Translation
Bokapitale bo hlakileng ke tshebetso ya moruo moo batho ba ka thoko ba ikemetseng kapa difeme e leng beng ba disebediswa tsa tlhahiso, mme ha ho moralo kapa o monyane haholo wa motheo wa mmuso. Batho le difeme ba dumelletswe ho hlahisa, ho reka le ho rekisa ka bolokolohi mme ka hoo ho rala dimmaraka tse sebetsang ntle le kenello ya mmuso.
Approved Translation
Xikhapitalisi xo helela i sisiteme ya ikhonomiki laha vanhu vo tiyimela kumbe tifeme swi nga na vun’winyi bya swilo hinkwaswo swa vumaki, nakambe ku hava kumbe ku na nkunguhatoxikarhi wutsongo wa mfumo. Vanhu na tifeme swa pfumeleriwa ku maka, ku xava na ku xavisa swi tshunxekile, hi ndlela leyi swi tumbuluxa timakete leti ti tirhaka mfumo wu nga nghenelelangi.
Approved Translation
Bokapitalise jo bo tletseng ke tsamaiso ya ikonomi e mo go yona batho ba ba ikemetseng kgotsa difeme di laolang didiriswa tsotlhe tsa tlhagiso mme puso e sa amege gotlhelele gongwe e amega go se kae fela mo togamaanong ya bogare. Batho le difeme ba letliwa go tlhagisa, go reka le go rekisa ka kgololosego mme ka go dira jalo, ba tlhama mebaraka e e dirang kwa ntle ga tsereganyo ya puso.
Approved Translation
Ulawulo olungangxengwanga ngokwemali yinkqubo yoqoqosho apho abantu abazimeleyo okanye amaqumrhu benazo iimfuneko zemveliso, kwaye kube kungekho okanye kukho ucwangciso oluncinci kakhulu oluvela kulawulo lukarhulumente olusesizikithini. Abantu namaqumrhu bayavunyelwa ukuba bakhuphe imveliso bathengise kwaye bathengise ngokukhululekileyo ukuze ke ngoko badale imimandla yentengiso esebenza ngaphandle kokungenelela kukarhulumente.
Approved Translation
Ubungxiwankulu obumsulwa uhlelo lwezomnotho lapho abantu abazimele noma amafemu bengabanikazi bazo zonke izici zokukhiqiza futhi kungekho noma okuncane kakhulu okuhlela okuphakathi okwenziwa nguhulumeni. Abantu namafemu bavunyelwe ukukhiqiza, ukuthenga nokuthengisa ngokukhululeka, ngaleyo ndlela bakhe izimakethe ezisebenza ngaphandle kokungenelela kukahulumeni.
Central planning
Central planning
Central planning takes place in an economic system when the state undertakes large-scale planning of economic activities by determining what and how much should be produced, how resources should be allocated, and how goods should be distributed in the community. The state has the authority to formulate, plan and implement socio-economic goals on behalf of the community. A high degree of central planning is the most important characteristic of a planned socialist economy.
Approved Translation
Sentrale beplanning vind plaas in 'n ekonomiese stelsel wanneer die staat grootskaalse beplanning van ekonomiese aktiwiteite onderneem deur te bepaal wat en hoeveel geproduseer moet word, hoe hulpbronne toegeken moet word en hoe goedere in die gemeenskap versprei moet word. Die staat het die gesag om namens die gemeenskap sosio-ekonomiese doelwitte te formuleer, te beplan en te implementeer. 'N Hoë mate van sentrale beplanning is die belangrikste kenmerk van 'n beplande sosialistiese ekonomie.
Approved Translation
Peakanyo ya bogare e ba gona lenaneong la ekonomi ge mmušo o dira dipeakanyo tše di kgolo tša ditiro tša ekonomi ka go kgonthiša gore go swanetše go tšweletšwa eng le gona e kaakang, gore mehlodi e swanetše go abja bjang, le gore diphahlo di swanetše go phatlalatšwa bjang setšhabeng. Mmušo o na le maatla a go hlama, go beakanya le go tsenya tirišong ga maikemišetšo a ekonomi le leago legatong la setšhaba. Peakanyo ye kgolwane ya bogare ke seka se bohlokwahlokwa sa ekonomi ya bosošiale.
Approved Translation
Moralo o ka sehlohong o etsahala tshebetsong ya moruo ha mmuso o nka boikarabelo ba moralo o moholo wa ditshebetso tsa moruo ka ho hlomamisa hore ho hlahiswe eng mme hakae, hore mehlodi ya thuso e abuwe jwang, mme dihlahiswa di abuwe jwang setjhabeng. Mmuso o na le bolaodi ba ho bopa, ho rala le ho phethisa ditabatabelo lebitsong la setjhaba. Tekanyo e hodimo ya moralo o ka sehlohong ke sesupo sa bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa sa moruo wa bodulo (bososhiale)bo radilweng.
Approved Translation
Lawulo wa ikhonomi hi mfumo wu humelala eka sisiteme ya ikhonomi loko mfumo wu teka xiphemu xikulu eku kunguhateni ka migingiriko ya ikhonomi hi ku veka mpimo wa leswi swi faneleke ku makiwa, leswi switirhisiwa swi faneleke ku avisiwa xiswona, na ndlela leyi tinhundzu ti faneleke ku hangalisiwa hayona emigangeni. Mfumo wu na mfanelo ya ku kunguhata na ku veka swikongomelo swa ikhonomi ya matshamisanelo ya vanhu hi ku yimela muganga. Xiyimo xa le henhla xa lawulo wa ikhonomi i xihlawulekisi xa nkoka swinene xa ikhonomi leyi kunguhatiweke ya xisoxalisi.
Approved Translation
Togamaano ya bogare e diragala mo tsamaisong ya ikonomi fa mmuso o dira togamaano e kgolo ya ditiro tsa ikonomi ka go swetsa gore go tlhagisiwa eng le gore se tlhagisiwe se le kana kang, gore metswedi ya tlhagiso e abiwe jang, le gore dithoto di phasaladiwe jang mo setšhabeng. Mmuso o na le thata ya go tlhama, go rulaganya le go diragatsa maikemisetso a ikonomi ya loago mo boemong jwa setšhaba. Thulaganyo ya bogare ya maemo a a kwa godimo ke ntlha ya botlhokwa thata ya ikonomi ya loago (socialist economy) e e rulagantsweng.
Approved Translation
Ucwangciso oluvela esizikithini lwenzeka kwinkquboyoqoqosho xa urhulumente esenza isicwangciso esibanzi semisebenzi yezoqoqosho ngokuqikelela okufanele ukuveliswa nobungakanani bako, indlela efanele ukwabiwa ngayo imithombo yobutyebi, neendlela ezifanele ukusasazwa ngayo iziveliso phakathi koluntu. Urhulumente unegunya lokuyila, ukucwangcisa nokuphumeza iinjongo zentlalo-luqoqosho esenzela uluntu. Inqanaba eliphezulu locwangciso olusesizikithini lolona phawu lubalulekileyo loqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo ngokwasentlalweni.
Approved Translation
Ukuhlela okumaphakathi kwenzeka ohlelweni lwezomnotho lapho umbuso wenza ukuhlela okukhulu kwemisebenzi yezomnotho ngokunquma ukuthi yini okufanele ikhiqizwe nokuthi ingakanani, izinsiza kufanele zabelwe kanjani nokuthi izimpahla kufanele zabelwe kanjani emphakathini. Umbuso unegunya lokwakha, ukuhlela nokwenza izinhloso zenhlalo-mnotho egameni lomphakathi. Izinga eliphakeme lokuhlela maphakathi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu somnotho ohleliwe wobusoshiyali.
Change in the technology of production
Change in the technology of production
It is change in the type of machines or other equipment that a firm uses to produce its products. For example, a motor manufacturer, which started using robots instead of manual labour, would have undergone a change in its technology of production. Change in the technology of production is a determinant of supply, that is, it determines how much a firm can supply.
Approved Translation
Dit is 'n verandering in die tipe masjiene of ander toerusting wat 'n onderneming gebruik om sy produkte te vervaardig. Byvoorbeeld, 'n motorvervaardiger wat robotte in plaas van hande -arbeid begin gebruik het, sou 'n verandering in sy produksietegnologie ondergaan het. Verandering in die produksietegnologie is 'n bepalende faktor in die aanbod, dit wil sê, dit bepaal hoeveel 'n onderneming kan lewer.
Approved Translation
Phetogo ya metšhene goba ya ditlabelo tše dingwe tšeo di dirišwago ke kgwebo go tšweletša ditšweletšwa tša yona. Mohlala ke, tšweletšo ya difatanaga ye e thomilego go diriša diroboto bakeng sa mošomo wa matsogo e tla be e fetogile theknolotšing ya yona ya tšweletšo. Phetogo theknolotšing ya tšweletšo ke yona ye e laolago kabo, ke gore e laola bontši bjo kgwebo e ka bo abago.
Approved Translation
Phetoho ho metjhine kapa disebediswa tse ding tseo feme e di sebedisang ho hlahisa dihlahiswa tsa yona. Ho etsa mohlala, moetsi wa makoloi ya qadileng ho sebedisa diroboto bakeng sa mosebetsi wa matsoho o tla tshwanela ho etsa phetoho botsebing ba tlhahiso. Phetoho ho botsebi ba tlhahiso ke tekanyetso ya nehelano, ke ho re e lekanya hore feme e ka nehelana hakae.
Approved Translation
Ku cinciwa ka michini kumbe switirhisiwa swin’wana leswi feme yi swi tirhisaka ku maka swimakiwa swa yona. Xikombiso: vumaki bya mimovha lebyi byi sunguleke ku tirhisa tirhoboto ematshan’wini ya ku tirhisa munhu byi ta va byi endlile ku cinca eka thekinoloji ya byona ya swimakiwa. Ncinco eka thekinoloji ya swimakiwa i xikombiso xa vuphakeri, hileswo xi komba leswaku i ntalo wo fika kwihi lowu feme yi nga wu phakelaka.
Approved Translation
Ke phetogo ya mefuta ya metšhini kgotsa didirisiwa tse dingwe tse kgwebo e di dirisang go tlhagisa dikumo tsa yona. Sekai, motlhagisi wa dijanaga yo a simolotseng go dirisa diroboto go na le go dirisa badiri ba ba dirang ka diatla, ka go dira jalo o fetotse mokgwa wa gagwe wa thekenoloji ya go tlhagisa dikumo. Phetogo ya thekenoloji ya tlhagiso ke yona e swetsang ka tlamelo, go raya gore e swetsa gore kgwebo e ka tlamela go le kana kang.
Approved Translation
Inguquko koomatshini okanye kwezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziswa lishishini ukuvelisa iimveliso zalo. Umzekelo, umenzi weemoto eziqale ngokusebenzisa iirobhothi endaweni yokusebenzisa amandla okwenziswa uya kuba edlule kwinguquko kwezobugcisa bemveliso. Inguquko kwezobugcisa bemveliso iyingqikelelo yenkxaso, o.k.t. ibonakalisa ukuba ishishini linganenkxaso engakanani.
Approved Translation
Ushintsho ohlotsheni lwemishini noma enye imishini esetshenziswa yinkampani ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yayo. Isibonelo, umenzi wezimoto, oqale ukusebenzisa amarobhothi esikhundleni somsebenzi wezandla, ubezoshintsha ubuchwepheshe bakhe bokukhiqiza. Ushintsho kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza luhlobo lokunqunywa kokuphakelwa, okusho ukuthi, kunquma ukuthi ifemu ingaletha malini.
Collective needs
Collective needs
The needs of a community as a whole, for example the need for law and order, and for education.
Approved Translation
Die behoeftes van 'n gemeenskap as geheel, byvoorbeeld die behoefte aan wet en orde, en vir onderwys.
Approved Translation
Dinyakwa tša setšhaba ka moka, mohlala ke, sehlokwa sa gore go be le molao le toka, le thuto.
Approved Translation
Ditlhoko tsa setjhaba sohle, ho etsa mohlala tlhoko ya molao le kgutso, le thuto.
Approved Translation
Swilaviwa hinkwaswo swa vaaki, xikombiso: ku laveka ka nawu na ntshamiseko, na ka dyondzo.
Approved Translation
Ditlhokego tsa setšhaba sotlhe, sekai, tlhokego ya molao le tolamo, le ya thuto.
Approved Translation
Izidingo zoluntu luphelele, umzekelo isidingo somthetho nocwangco, nesemfundo.
Approved Translation
Izidingo zomphakathi wonkana, isibonelo isidingo somthetho nokuhleleka, kanye nemfundo.
Collective ownership
Collective ownership
Collective ownership occurs where members of the community collectively (i.e. together) own the factors of production.
Approved Translation
Kollektiewe eienaarskap vind plaas waar lede van die gemeenskap gesamentlik (dit wil sê saam) die produksiefaktore besit.
Approved Translation
Bong bja mohlakanelwa bo ba gona ge maloko a setšhaba a e ba beng ba didirišwa tša tšweletšo ka mohlakanelwa (ke gore mmogo).
Approved Translation
Ho ba monga thepa e kopanetsweng ho etsahala moo ditho tsa setjhaba ka kopanelo (ke ho re mmoho) di nang le disebediswa tsa tlhahiso.
Approved Translation
Vun’winyinhlanganelo byi humelela loko swirho swa muganga swi va na vun’winyi (hlsw: kun’we) bya swipfuneti swa swimakiwa.
Approved Translation
Bong jwa botlhe bo diragala fa ditokololo tsa setšhaba di kopane tsotlhe (go raya gore di le mmogo) e le beng ba didiriswa tsa tlhagiso.
Approved Translation
Ubunini obuyingqokelela benzeka apho amalungu oluntu aba ngabanini beemfuneko zemveliso beqokelelene (o.k.t. kunye).
Approved Translation
Ubunikazi obuhlanganyelwe benzeka lapho amalungu omphakathi ngokuhlanganyela (isb. Ndawonye) engabanikazi bezinto ezikhiqizwayo.
Collective services
Collective services
These are services that government provides to everyone, for example public roads and health services.
Approved Translation
Dit is dienste wat die regering aan almal lewer, byvoorbeeld openbare paaie en gesondheidsdienste.
Approved Translation
Tše ke ditirelo tše mmušo o fanago ka tšona go mang le mang, mohlala, ditsela tša bohle le ditirelo tša maphelo.
Approved Translation
Tsena ke ditshebeletso tseo mmuso o fanang ka tsona ho batho bohle, ho etsa mohlala ditsela tsa bohle le ditshebeletso tsa bophelo.
Approved Translation
Lebyi i vukorhokeri lebyi mfumo wu byi phakelaka mani na mani, xikombiso vukorhokeri bya magondzo na rihanyo.
Approved Translation
Tse ke ditirelo tse puso e tlamelang mongwe le mongwe ka tsona, sekai, ditsela tsa botlhe le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo.
Approved Translation
Ezi ziinkonzo ezinikwa wonke ubani ngurhulumente, umzekelo, iindlela zikawonke-wonke neenkonzo zempilo.
Approved Translation
Lezi yizinsizakalo uhulumeni ahlinzeka ngazo wonke umuntu, isibonelo imigwaqo yomphakathi nezinsizakalo zezempilo.
Collusion
Collusion
This takes place when one producer agrees with others to restrict output, thereby raising prices and profits. Collusion interferes with free competition and is illegal in many countries.
Approved Translation
Dit vind plaas wanneer een produsent met ander saamstem om die produksie te beperk, waardeur pryse en winste verhoog word. Samewerking belemmer vrye mededinging en is in baie lande onwettig.
Approved Translation
Se se direga ge motšweletši o tee a kwana le ba bangwe gore ba beele tšweletšo mapheko gomme ka tsela yeo ba hlatloše ditheko le dipoelo. Go šoma ka sephiring go tshwenyana le phadišano ye e lokologilego gomme ga go dumelelwe ke molao ka dinageng tše dintši.
Approved Translation
Hona ho etsahala ha mohlahisi e mong ho dumellana le ba bang ho beha moedi wa sehlahiswa/seetswa mme kahoo ditheko le diphaello di nyolohe. Tshebedisano ya tlhodisano e sitisa tlhodisano e lokolohileng mme e kgahlanong le molao dinaheng tse ngata.
Approved Translation
Lowu wu humelela loko mumaki un’we a pfumelelana na van’wana ku va ku pimiwa swimakiwa na ku tlakusa mixavo na mivuyelo. Ntwananoxihundleni wu lwisana na mphikizano wo pfuleka naswona a wu le nawini ematikweni yo tala.
Approved Translation
Se se diragala fa motlhagisi a le mongwe a dumelana le ba bangwe go lekanyetsa ntsho ya dikumo, ka go rialo ba tlhatlose ditlhotlhwa le dipoelo. Tirisanommogo ya mo sephiring e kgoreletsa kgaisano e e gololesegileng mme ga e mo molaong mo dinageng tse ntsi.
Approved Translation
Oku kwenzeka xa umvelisi othile evumelana nabanye ukuba banciphise imveliso abayikhuphayo ukuze kunyuswe amaxabiso neenzuzo. Ukubhunga isivumelwano kuphazamisana nokhuphiswano olukhululekileyo kwaye akukho mthethweni kumazwe amaninzi.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umkhiqizi oyedwa evumelana nabanye ukukhawulela ukuphuma, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule amanani nenzuzo. Ukuhlanganiswa kuphazamisa ukuncintisana kwamahhala futhi akukho emthethweni emazweni amaningi.
Communism
Communism
In theory, communism (also called planned socialism) is a system in which the community controls the factors of production directly, without any intervention by the state; people produce what they can and receive an income according to their needs. In actual communist economies, however, the state is seen as the representative of the people, and the state therefore owns all the factors of production and also plans everything in the economy.
Approved Translation
In teorie is kommunisme (ook genoem beplande sosialisme) 'n stelsel waarin die gemeenskap die produksiefaktore regstreeks beheer, sonder enige ingryping deur die staat; mense produseer wat hulle kan en ontvang 'n inkomste volgens hul behoeftes. In werklike kommunistiese ekonomieë word die staat egter as die verteenwoordiger van die mense beskou, en die staat besit dus al die produksiefaktore en beplan ook alles in die ekonomie.
Approved Translation
Ka leano, bokomonisi (bo bitšwa gape bosošialese bjo bo beakantšwego) ke lenaneo leo ka lona setšhaba se laolago didirišwa tša tšweletšo, thwii, ntle le tsenogare ya mmušo; batho ba tšweletša seo ba kgonago go se tšweletša, gomme ba amogela megolo go ya ka dihlokwa tša bona. Le ge go le bjalo, di-ekonoming tša kgonthe tša bokomonisi, mmušo o bonwa e le moemedi wa batho, gomme ka lebaka leo, mmušo ke mong wa didirišwa ka moka tša tšweletšo le gona o beakanya dilo ka moka ekonoming.
Approved Translation
Ka kgopolo, bokomonisi (hape bo bitswang taolo e radilweng ya bodulo) le tshebetso eo setjhaba se laolang dintlha tsa tlhahiso ka ho otloloha, ntle le kenello efe kapa efe ya mmuso; batho ba hlahisa seo ba se kgonang, mme ba fumana lekeno ho ya ka ditlhoko tsa bona. Leha ho le jwalo, ditshebetsong tsa nnete tsa bokomonisi, mmuso o bonwa jwalo ka moemedi wa batho, mme mmuso kahoo ke monga dintlha tsohle tsa tlhahiso mme hape o rera dintho tsohle tsa moruo.
Approved Translation
Hi thiyori, vukhomonisi (byi tlhela byi vuriwa xisoxalisi xo kunguhatiwa) i sisiteme leyi vaaki va lawulaka swipfuneti swa swimakiwa hi nkongomo, ku ri hava ku nghenelela ka mfumo; vanhu va maka leswi va swi kotaka, na ku kuma miholo ku ya hi swilaviwa swa vona. Eka tiikhonomi ta vukhomonisi bya ntiyiso, hambiswiritano, mfumo wu vonaka wu ri muyimeri wa vanhu, hikokwalaho ka leswi, mfumo wu na vun’winyi bya swipfuneti swa swimakiwa na ku tlhela wu kunguhata swilo hinkwaswo eka ikhonomi.
Approved Translation
Go ya ka tiori, bokomonisi (jo gape bo bidiwang bosošiale jo bo rulagantsweng) ke tsamaiso e mo go yona setšhaba se laolang didiriswa tsa tlhagiso ka tlhamalalo kwa ntle ga tsereganyo epe go tswa mo mmusong; batho ba tlhagisa se ba se kgonang, mme ba amogela lotseno go ya ka ditlhokego tsa bona. Mo ikonoming ya bokomonisi ya nnete, mmuso o bonwa e le moemedi wa batho mme ka ntlha ya moo, mmuso ke mong wa didiriswa tsotlhe tsa tlhagiso e bile o rulaganya sengwe le sengwe mo ikonoming.
Approved Translation
Ngokwengcingane, ubukomanisi (bukwabizwa ngokuba lulawulo olucwangcisiweyo ngokwentlalo) yinkqubo apho iimfuneko zemveliso zilawulwa luluntu ngqo, ngaphandle kokungenelela kukarhulumente; abantu bavelisa oko banako, bafumane ingeniso ngokweemfuno zabo. Kwiintlobo zoqoqosho ngokobukomanisi, nangona kunjalo, urhulumente ubonwa njengommeli wabantu, ngoko ke urhulumente ungumnini wazo zonke iimfuneko zemveliso kwakhona wenza zonke izicwangciso zoqoqosho.
Approved Translation
Ngokombono, ubukhomanisi (obubizwa nangokuthi ubusoshiyali obuhleliwe) uhlelo lapho umphakathi ulawula khona izinto zokukhiqiza ngqo, ngaphandle kokungenelela kombuso; abantu bakhiqiza abangakuthola futhi bathola umholo ngokwezidingo zabo. Nokho, kwezomnotho wamakhomanisi, umbuso uthathwa njengommeleli wabantu, ngakho-ke umbuso ungumnikazi wazo zonke izinto zokukhiqiza futhi uhlela konke emnothweni.
Competition
Competition
Pure competition is a market structure in which the prices of goods and services are determined by the free interaction of supply and demand. Competition may also mean a “contest” between sellers to sell their goods, or between buyers to buy goods.
Approved Translation
Suiwer mededinging is 'n markstruktuur waarin die pryse van goedere en dienste bepaal word deur die vrye wisselwerking tussen vraag en aanbod. Mededinging kan ook 'n "wedstryd" tussen verkopers beteken om hul goedere te verkoop, of tussen kopers om goedere te koop.
Approved Translation
Phadišano ya kgonthe ke peakanyo ya mmaraka yeo go yona ditheko tša diphahlo le ditirelo di laolwago ke kamano ye e lokologilego magareng a kabo le nyakego. Phadišano e ka ra gape “phenkgišano” ya barekiši ya go rekiša diphahlo tša bona, goba magareng a bareki go reka diphahlo.
Approved Translation
Tlhodisano e hlakileng ke sebopeho sa mmaraka moo ditheko tsa diphahlo le ditshebeletso di ballwang ke tshebetsano e lokolohileng ya nehelano le tlhoko. Tlhodisano hape e bolela “tlhodisano” pakeng tsa barekisi ho rekisa diphahlo tsa bona, kapa pakeng tsa bareki mabapi le ho reka diphahlo.
Approved Translation
Mphikizano wo hetiseka i xivumbeko xa makete laha mixavo ya tinhundzu na vukorhokeri swi vekiwaka kona hi ku tirhisa fambelano wo tshunxeka wa mphakelo na laveko. Mphikizano wu nga ha tlhela wu vula “lwisano” exikarhi ka vaxavisi ku xavisa nhundzu ya vona, kumbe exikarhi ka vaxavi loko va xava tinhundzu.
Approved Translation
Kgaisano e e phepa ke thulaganyo ya mebaraka eo mo go yona ditlhotlhwa tsa dithoto le tsa ditirelo di swediwang ke tlhotlheletsano e e gololosegileng ya tlamelo ya dithoto le tlhokego ya tsona. Kgaisano e ka kaya gape “kgaisano” ya go rekisa dithoto magareng ga barekisi kgotsa ya go reka dithoto magareng ga bareki.
Approved Translation
Ukhuphiswano oluhlambulukileyo sisakhiwo sommandla wentengiso apho amaxabiso empahla neenkonzo eqikelelwa ngokudibaniselana okukhululekileyo phakathi kwenkxaso nemfuno ebangwayo. Ukhuphiswano kanti kwakhona lusenokuthetha “ugqatso” phakathi kwabathengisi ekuthengiseni impahla yabo, okanye phakathi kwabathengi ekuthengeni impahla.
Approved Translation
Umncintiswano omsulwa uyisakhiwo semakethe lapho amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo enqunywa ngokusebenzisana kwamahhala kokuphakelwa kanye nokufunwayo. Ukuncintisana futhi kungasho “umncintiswano” phakathi kwabathengisi ukuthengisa izimpahla zabo, noma phakathi kwabathengi ukuthenga izinto.
Complement
Complement
This is a product that is normally used together with another product. For example, camera film is a complement of cameras, and petrol a complement of cars.
Approved Translation
Se ke sedirišwa seo ka tlwaelo se dirišwago le se sengwe. Mohlala ke filimi ya khamera ye e lego setlaleletši sa dikhamera, mola petrole e le setlaleletši sa difatanaga.
Approved Translation
Sena ke sehlahiswa/seetswa seo ka tlwaelo se sebediswang le sehlahiswa/seetswa se seng. Ho etsa mohlala, filimi ya khamera ke tlatsetso ya dikhamera, mme peterole ke tlatsetso ya dimmotokara.
Approved Translation
Lexi i ximakiwa lexi xi talaka ku tirhisiwa kun’we na ximakiwa xin’wana. Xikombiso: filimi ya khamera yi pfuneta tikhamera, loko pitirolo yi pfuneta mimovha.
Approved Translation
E ke kumo e ka tlwaelo e dirisiwang le kumo e nngwe. Sekai, filimi ya khemera ke setlaleletsi sa khemera, peterolo le yona ke setlaleletsi sa dijanaga.
Approved Translation
Le yimveliso esetyenziswa kunye nenye imveliso. Umzekelo, ifilimu yekhamera isisifezekisi seekhamera, ukuze ipetroli ibe sisifezekisi seemoto.
Approved Translation
Lo ngumkhiqizo ovame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye nomunye umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ifilimu yekhamera iyisihlanganisi samakhamera, kanti uphethiloli uyisihlanganisi sezimoto.
Consumer
Consumer
A person who buys goods and services to satisfy his or her individual needs.
Approved Translation
'n Persoon wat goedere en dienste koop om aan sy individuele behoeftes te voldoen.
Approved Translation
Motho yo a rekago diphahlo le ditirelo go kgotsofatša dihlokwa tša gagwe.
Approved Translation
Motho ya rekang diphahlo le ditshebeletso ho kgotsofatsa ditlhoko tsa hae.
Approved Translation
Munhu loyi a xavaka nhundzu na vukorhokeri ku va a eneta swidingo swa yena.
Approved Translation
Motho yo o rekang dithoto le ditirelo go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tsa gagwe.
Approved Translation
Ngumntu othenga impahla neenkonzo ukwanelisa iimfuno ezizezakhe.
Approved Translation
Umuntu othenga izimpahla nemisebenzi ukuze anelise izidingo zakhe.
Consumer goods
Consumer goods
Goods that are used by consumers, such as individuals or households, to satisfy their wants, for example food, clothes and transport.
Approved Translation
Goedere wat deur verbruikers, soos individue of huishoudings, gebruik word om aan hul behoeftes te voldoen, byvoorbeeld voedsel, klere en vervoer.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo tše di dirišwago ke badiriši go swana le batho ka bobona goba malapa go kgotsofatša dinyakwa tša bona, mehlala ke dijo, diaparo, dinamelwa, bj.bj.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo tse sebediswang ke basebedisi jwalo ka batho ba ikemetseng kapa malapa ho kgotsofatsa ditlhoko tsa bona, mohlala dijo, diaparo, sepalangwang jwalo jwalo.
Approved Translation
Nhundzu leyi yi tirhisiwaka hi vatirhisi kumbe mindyangu ku eneta swilaviwa swa yona, xik: swakudya, swiambalo, swifambo na swin’wana na swin’wana.
Approved Translation
Dithoto tse di dirisiwang ke badirisi jaaka motho ka nosi gongwe balelapa go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tsa bona jaaka dijo, diaparo le dipalangwa.
Approved Translation
Impahla esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abafana nabantu bebodwa okanye ngamakhaya ukwanelisa iimfuno zabo, umzekelo ukutya, impahla enxitywayo, uthutho, njalo, njalo.
Approved Translation
Izimpahla ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi, njengabantu ngabanye noma imindeni, ukwanelisa izidingo zabo, ngokwesibonelo ukudla, okokugqoka kanye nezinto zokuhamba.
Consumer price index (CPI)
Consumer price index (CPI)
This is an index of the prices of a representative basket of goods and services bought by consumers.
Approved Translation
Dit is 'n indeks van die pryse van 'n verteenwoordigende mandjie goedere en dienste wat verbruikers koop.
Approved Translation
ye ke tšhupane ya ditheko tša kelo ye e emelago tše dingwe ya diphahlo le ditirelo tše di rekwago ke badiriši.
Approved Translation
Ena ke tshupane ya diporeisi tsa seroto se emetseng diphahlo le ditshebeletso tse rekwang ke basebedisi.
Approved Translation
Lexi i xikombo xa tihakelo ta basikiti ya swiyimeriwa swa nhundzu na vukorhokeri leswi xaviwaka hi vatirhisi.
Approved Translation
Se ke tshupane ya ditlhotlhwa e e emelang seroto sa dithoto le ditirelo tse di rekiwang ke badirisi.
Approved Translation
esi sisalathiso samaxabiso empahla neenkonzo ezithengwa ngabathengi, ziboniswa ngomlinganiselo othile, njengengobozi enye yeemveliso ezithengwa evenkileni.
Approved Translation
Le yinkomba yezintengo zebhasikidi elimele izimpahla namasevisi athengwe abathengi.
Demand
Demand
A demand for a product or service exists when people want to buy it and can buy it, in other words, if they have the financial means (can afford it).
Approved Translation
'N Vraag na 'n produk of diens bestaan wanneer mense dit wil koop en dit kan koop, met ander woorde, as hulle die finansiële middele het (dit kan bekostig).
Approved Translation
Nyakego ya setšweletšwa goba tirelo e ba gona ge batho ba nyaka go se reka, le gona ba kgona go se reka, ka mantšu a mangwe, ge ba na le tšhelete ya go se reka.
Approved Translation
Tlhoko ya sehlahiswa/seetswa kapa tshebeletso e ba teng ha batho ba batla ho e reka mme hape ba kgona ho e reka, ka mantswe a mang ha ba ena le bokgoni ba tjhelete bakeng sa yona (ba kgona ho e fihlella).
Approved Translation
Ndzaveko wa ximakiwa kumbe vukorhokeri wu va kona loko vanhu va lava ku swi xava na ku ri va nga kota ku swi xava, hi marito man’wana, loko va ri na swo xava hi swona (va nga swi fikelela).
Approved Translation
Tlhokego ya kumo kgotsa tirelo e nna teng fa batho ba batla go e reka e bile ba kgona go e reka, ka mantswe a mangwe ba na le tšhelete (ba kgona go e duelela).
Approved Translation
Yimfuno yemveliso okanye yenkonzo ekhoyo xa abantu befuna ukuyithenga kwakhona naxa benako ukuyithenga, ngamanye amazwi xa benayo imali yokuyithenga.
Approved Translation
Isidingo somkhiqizo noma sesevisi sikhona lapho abantu befuna ukuwuthenga futhi bangakwazi ukuwuthenga, ngamanye amazwi, uma benamandla wezezimali (bangakwazi ukuwuthenga).
DEMAND CURVE
DEMAND CURVE
A demand curve shows the quantity of a product that is demanded at a particular price in graphic form. It thus represents the relationship between price and quantity demanded.
Approved Translation
'n Vraagkromme toon, in grafiekvorm, die hoeveelheid van 'n produk wat teen 'n bepaalde prys gevra word. Dit stel dus die verwantskap tussen die prys en die hoeveelheid gevra voor.
Approved Translation
Khebe ya nyakego e laetša bontši bja setšweletšwa bjo bo nyakwago ka theko ye e itšego gomme bo laetšwa ka kerafo. Ka lebaka leo e emela dikamano magareng a theko le bontši bjo bo nyakegago.
Approved Translation
Tshokamo ya tlhoko e bontsha bongata ba sehlahiswa/seetswa se hlokwang ka poreisi e itseng ka mokgwa wa kerafo. Kahoo e emetse kamano pakeng tsa poreisi le bongata bo hlokwang.
Approved Translation
Girafu ya swilaviwa yi kombisa ntalo wa ximakiwa lexi xi nga ku laviweni hi nxavo wo karhi hi ku ya hi girafu. Kutani yi kombisa vuxaka exikarhi ka nxavo na ntalo lowu lavekaka.
Approved Translation
Mola wa tlhokego o re bontsha ka tsela ya kerafo,bogolo bo bo tlhokegang jwa kumo ka tlhotlhwa e e rileng. Ka jalo e emela kamano magareng ga tlhotlhwa le bogolo jo bo tlhokegang.
Approved Translation
Igophe lemfuno yeemveliso libonakalisa isixa semveliso eyimfuno ngexabiso elithile ngokwendlela yomzobo wamahla-ndinyuka. Ngoko ke limele ubudlelwane phakathi kwexabiso nesixa esiyimfuno .
Approved Translation
Igrafu yenani elifunekayo ikhombisa inani lomkhiqizo ofunwa ngentengo ethile, lokho kubekwe ngokuthi kusetshenziswe umdwebo wegrafu. Lokhu kumele ubudlelwane phakathi kwentengo kanye nobungako obufunwayo/nenani elifunekayo.
DEMAND SCHEDULE
DEMAND SCHEDULE
A demand schedule is a table that indicates the prices of a product and the
quantities of the product demanded at each price.
Approved Translation
'n Vraagskedule is 'n tabel waarin die pryse van 'n produk en die hoeveelhede van die produk, wat by elke prys gevra word, aangedui word.
Approved Translation
Sketule sa nyakego ke taetšo ya theko ya setšweletšwa le bontši bja setšweletšwa bjo bo nyakwago ka theko ye nngwe le ye nngwe.
Approved Translation
Shejule ya tlhoko ke hlohlomiso e bontshang diporeisi tsa sehlahiswa/seetswa le bongata ba sehlahiswa/seetswa se hlokwang ka poreisi ka nngwe.
Approved Translation
Xedulu ya swilaviwa i tafula leri ri kombisaka mixavo ya ximakiwa na mitalo ya ximakiwa leyi laviwaka hi nxavo wun’wana na wun’wana.
Approved Translation
Lenane la tlhokego ke lenane le le supang ditlhotlhwa tsa kumo le bogolo jwa kumo jo bo batliwang ka tlhotlhwa e e rileng.
Approved Translation
Isicwangciso semfuno yeemveliso sisakhelo setheyibhile esibonisa amaxabiso emveliso nezixa zayo eziyimfuno ebangwayo kwixabiso ngalinye.
Approved Translation
Ishejuli lenani elifunekayo yithebula elikhombisa izintengo zomkhiqizo kanye nenani lomkhiqizo lowo ofunekayo ngentengo ngayinye.
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM
This is a type of economic system in which government does a great deal of central economic planning, but it owns only some of the factors of production; it is also called welfare state capitalism.
Approved Translation
Dit is 'n tipe ekonomiese stelsel waarin die owerheid grotendeels die sentrale ekonomiese beplanning doen, maar slegs sommige van die produksiefaktore besit; dit word ook welsynstaatkapitalisme genoem.
Approved Translation
Bo bitšwa gape bokapitale bja mmušo wa tlhokomelo ya bobotlana. Wo ke mohuta wa lenaneo la ekonomi leo go lona mmušo o dirago bontši bja peakanyo ya bogareng ya ekonomi, eupša e le mong wa didirišwa tše dingwenyana feela tša tšweletšo.
Approved Translation
Hape e bitswa mmuso wa phedisano o laolwang ke tjhelete. Ona ke mofuta wa tshebetso ya moruo moo mmuso o etsang moralo o moholo wa moruo, empa o le monga dintlha tse itseng feela tsa tlhahiso.
Approved Translation
Xi tlhela xi vuriwa xikhapitalisi xa matshamelo ya mfumo. Lowu i muxaka wa sisiteme ya ikhonomi laha mfumo wu endlaka swo tala hi ku kunguhata xivindzi xa ikhonomi, kambe wu va na vun’winyi eka swin’wana ntsena swa swipfuneti swa swimakiwa. Xi tlhela xi vuriwa xikhapitalisi xa mfumo wo pfuneta vanhu.
Approved Translation
Ono ke mofuta wa thulaganyo ya ikonomi e mo go yona mmuso o dirang bontsi ba togamaano ya bogare ya ikonomi mme e le mong fela wa didiriswa dingwe tsa tlhagiso; e bidiwa gape bokapitalise ba mmuso ba katlaatleloloago.
Approved Translation
Lukwabizwa ngokuba lulawulo ngokwemali ngokobonelelo lukarhulumente. Olu luhlobo lwenkqubo yezoqoqosho apho urhulumente enza kangangoko kucwangciso loqoqosho olusesizikithini, kodwa abe engumnini weemfuneko ezithile kuphela zemveliso. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba bubukapitali bombuso.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kuluhlobo lohlelo lwezomnotho lapho uhulumeni enza khona ingxenye enkulu yokuhlela kwezomnotho, kepha ebe engumnini wezinto zokukhiqiza ezimbalwa; lubuye lubizwe ngokuthi ubukapitali obubonelela isizwe
DEPRECIATION
DEPRECIATION
This is a decrease in the value of capital goods over time due to wear and tear, or equipment becoming outdated.
Approved Translation
Dit is 'n afname in die waarde van kapitaalgoedere met verloop van tyd as gevolg van slytasie, of omdat toerusting verouderd geraak het.
Approved Translation
Ye ke phokotšego ya boleng bja diphahlo tša go šoma, go ya le nako, ka lebaka la go hlagala, goba ka ge ditlabelo di fetilwe ke mabaka.
Approved Translation
Hona ke ho theoha ha boleng ba diphahlo tsa motheo ha nako e tsamaya ka baka la ho sebetsa le ho tsofala, kapa ha thepa e fellwa ke nako.
Approved Translation
Leswi i ku ya ehansi ka ntikelo wa switirhisiwa swa swimakiwa, hi ku famba ka nkarhi swa hlakala na ku onhaka, kumbe switirhisiwa swi hundzeriwa hi nkarhi.
Approved Translation
Eno ke phokotsego ya boleng jwa dithoto mo tsamaong ya nako ka ntlha ya go onala kgotsa sedirisiwa e le sa bogologolo.
Approved Translation
Oku kukuncipha kwexabiso lempahla engenisa imali ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokonakala, okanye ngenxa yezixhobo zokusebenza eziphelelwa lixesha.
Approved Translation
Lokhu ukwehla kwezinga/kwekhwalithi yempahla esikhathini esithize ngenxa yokukhuhleka nokudabuka, noma lapho ithuluzi lishiywa yisikhathi.
DERIVED DEMAND
DERIVED DEMAND
Derived demand exists when people demand something, not for the sake of having that thing, but for the sake of getting something relating to it. For example, in the derived demand for labour, businesses do not demand labour for its own sake, but for the products and services that can be produced by labour.
Approved Translation
'n Afgeleide vraag is 'n vraag na iets, nie ter wille van daardie ding nie, maar om iets anders, wat daarmee verband hou, te verkry. In die afgeleide vraag na arbeid vra besighede byvoorbeeld nie arbeid slegs ter wille van arbeid nie, maar vir die produkte en dienste wat deur arbeid geproduseer kan word.
Approved Translation
Nyakego ka lebaka la se sengwe e ba gona ge batho ba nyaka se sengwe, e sego lebakeng la selo seo, eupša lebakeng la gore ba hwetše se sengwe. Mohlala ke ge go na le nyakego ya bašomi ka lebaka la se sengwe: dikgwebo ga di nyake bašomi feela ka lebaka la go nyaka bašomi, eupša ka lebaka la ditšweletšwa le ditirelo tšeo di ka tšweletšwago ke bašomi bao.
Approved Translation
Tlhoko e fumanweng eba teng ha batho ba hloka ntho e itseng, e se ka baka la yona, empa ka sepheo sa ho fumana ntho e nngwe. Ho etsa mohlala, ho na le tlhoko e fumanwang bakeng sa basebetsi:dikgwebo ha di hloke basebetsi ka lebaka la bona feela, empa bakeng sa dihlahiswa le ditshebeletso tse ka hlahiswang ka basebetsi.
Approved Translation
Xilaviwampfelelo xi va kona loko vanhu va lava swilo swin’wana, ku nga laviwi xona hi xoxe, kambe ku laviwa lexi xi xi makaka. Xikombiso: ku na xilaviwampfelelo xa vatirhi: mabindzu a ya lavi vatirhi hikokwalaho ka wona hi woxe, kambe ya lava swimakiwa na vukorhokeri lebyi byi nga endliwaka hi vatirhi.
Approved Translation
Go nna le tlhokego ka ntlha ya se sengwe fa batho ba tlhoka sengwe e se ka ntlha ya selo seo, mme e le ka ntlha ya go batla go bona sengwe se se amanang naso. Sekai, mo tlhokegong ya badiri ka ntlha ya se sengwe, dikgwebo ga di tlhoke badiri ka ntlha ya bona fela, di ba tlhoka ka ntlha ya dikumo le ditirelo tse di ka tlhagisiwang ke badiri.
Approved Translation
Esi sidingo senzeka xa abantu kufuneka benze okuthile kodwa bengenzi ngenjongo yokufumana loo nto injengoko injalo,koko besenzela into enye into. Umzekelo, xa kusithiwa kudingeka abaqeshwa, amashishini akafuni nje abaqeshwa benjengoko banjalo, koko afuna iimveliso neenkonzo ezinokufunyanwa ngobukho babo baqeshwa.
Approved Translation
Isidingo sento ethile senzeka uma abantu bafuna okuthile, hayi nje ngoba bakufuna , kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lokho bakufunele ukuze bazuze okuthile. Isibonelo, kukhona isidingo sabasebenzi: amabhizinisi awadingi nje abasebenzi ngoba efuna ukuba nabo kodwa abadinga ngoba bezokwenza imikhiqizo nezinsiza.
DIRECT TAXES
DIRECT TAXES
Tax on income – as opposed to indirect taxes such as VAT
Approved Translation
Belasting op inkome – in teenstelling met indirekte belasting soos BTW
Approved Translation
Metšhelo ya ditseno, bakeng sa metšhelo ye e sego ya thwii, go swana le VAT.
Approved Translation
Lekgetho la lekeno/kuno, jwalo ka ha le le kgahlanong le makgetho a sa tobang a tshwanang le VAT.
Approved Translation
Xibalo eka muholo, xi hambana na xibalo xo ka xi nga kongomi xo tanihi VAT.
Approved Translation
Lekgetho la lotseno - go na le lekgetho le e seng la tlhamalalo jaaka VAT.
Approved Translation
Irhafu esekwe kwingeniso, njengoko ithelekiswa neerhafu ezingathanga ngqo ezifana neVAT.
Approved Translation
Intela ebhekene nemali engenayo, engafani nentela engaqonde ngqo enjengeVAT.
DISTRIBUTION PROBLEM
DISTRIBUTION PROBLEM
The problem of how resources should be distributed within an economic system
Approved Translation
Die probleem van hoe hulpbronne binne 'n ekonomiese stelsel verdeel moet word.
Approved Translation
Bothata bja ka moo mehlodi e swanetšego go phatlalatšwa ka gare ga lenaneo la ekonomi.
Approved Translation
Qaka ya mokgwa oo dithuso di tshwanelang ho ajwa ka wona hara tshebetso ya moruo.
Approved Translation
Xiphiqo xa ndlela leyi switirhisiwa swi fanelaka ku hangalasiwa hi yona eka sisiteme ya ikhonomi.
Approved Translation
Mathata a gore metswedi e tshwanetse ya phasaladiwa jang mo thulaganyong ya ikonomi.
Approved Translation
Yingxaki yendlela ekufanele ukuhanjiswa ngayo imithombo yobutyebi kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho.
Approved Translation
Inkinga yokuthi ingcebo yezwe kumeIe yabiwe kanjani ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezomnotho.
DISTRIBUTION ROLE
DISTRIBUTION ROLE
Government plays a distribution role in the economy, as it takes steps to achieve a more equitable distribution of income.
Approved Translation
Die owerheid speel 'n verdelingsrol in die ekonomie aangesien hy stappe doen om 'n regverdiger inkomeverdeling te bewerkstellig.
Approved Translation
Mmušo o kgatha tema ya phatlalatšo ekonoming: o tšea magato a go fihlelela phatlalatšo ye e lekalekanego kutšwana ya ditseno.
Approved Translation
Mmuso o shebane le tema ya kabo hara moruo: o nka mehato ya ho fihlella kabo e nang le toka le ho feta mabapi le lekeno/kuno.
Approved Translation
Mfumo wu tirha ntirho wa vuhangalasi eka ikhonomi: wu teka magoza ya ku fikelela vuhangalasi bya ndzingano wa muholo.
Approved Translation
Puso e na le seabe sa phasalatso mo ikonoming, jaaka e tsaya dikgato go fitlhelela tekatekano mo phasalatsong ya lotseno.
Approved Translation
Urhulumente udlala indima yolwabiwo kuqoqosho: uthabatha amanyathelo aqinisekisa ulwabiwo olungenadolo lwengeniso yelizwe.
Approved Translation
Uhulumeni ubamba iqhaza lokwaba umnotho: uba nesandla ekuzameni ukuthi kube khona ukulingana ezimalini ezitholwa ngabantu.
DIVISIBILITY
DIVISIBILITY
Something that is divisible can be subdivided or broken up into smaller units. Divisibility is one of the requirements for a medium of exchange, for example, a R10 note must be divisible into smaller units such as rands and cents.
Approved Translation
Iets wat deelbaar is, kan onderverdeel of in kleiner eenhede afgebreek word. Deelbaarheid is een van die vereistes vir 'n ruilmiddel; 'n R10-noot moet byvoorbeeld in kleiner eenhede soos rande en sente verdeel kan word.
Approved Translation
Selo se se arolegago se ka arolwa goba sa kgaoganywa ka dikgawana tše dintši. Karolego ke ye nngwe ya dinyakwa seo go ka fetolelanwago ka sona — mohlala ke ge papetlana ya R10 e swanetše go arolega ka dikgawana tše nnyane go swana le diranta le disente.
Approved Translation
Ntho e ka kgonang ho abeha e ka aro-arolwa kapa ya kgepholwa ho etsa metso e menyane. Ho aroleha ke e nngwe ya ditlhoko bakeng sa mokgwa wa kananyo — ho etsa mohlala, R10 ya pampiri e tlameha ho aroleha ho ba metso e menyane e tshwanang le diranta le disente.
Approved Translation
Nchumu lowu wu avanyisekaka wu nga avanyisiwa kumbe wu hlanhleleriwa wu va swiphemunyana. Avanyiseko hi xin’wana xa swilaveko swa xitirhisiwa xa cincaniso — xikombiso: mali ya phepha ya R10 yi fanele ku avanyisiwa yi va swiphemunyana swo tanihi tirhandi na tisente.
Approved Translation
Sengwe se se arolegang se ka aroganngwa kgotsa sa nathoganngwa go nna dikarolwana tse dinnye. Karolego ke nngwe ya ditlhokego tsa ledi — sekao, pampiritšhelete ya R10 e tshwanetse go ka aroganngwa ka dikarolwana tse dinnye tse di jaaka diranta le disente.
Approved Translation
Into enakho ukwahluleka yinto enokwahlulwahlulwa okanye iqhekezwe ibe ngamasuntswana. Ukwahluleka yenye yeemfuno zonaniselwano — umzekelo, i-R10 (ishumi leerandi) linokwahlulwa libe ziirandi neesenti.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kusho into enokucazeka yehlukaniseke izigatshana ezincane. Ukuhlukaniselana okunye okudingekayo okuyisilinganiso solkuthengiselana — isibonelo, u-R10 wephepha kumele kube nendlela yokumehlukanisa abe ngamaranndi namasenti.
DURABILITY
DURABILITY
Something that is durable lasts for a very long time. Durability is one of the requirements for a medium of exchange.
Approved Translation
Iets wat duursaam is, is iets wat baie lank hou. Duursaamheid is een van die vereistes vir 'n ruilmiddel.
Approved Translation
Selo se se swarelelago se tšea lebaka le letelele kudu. Tshwarelelo ke se sengwe sa dinyakwa tšeo di nyakegago sedirišweng sa go fetolelana.
Approved Translation
Ntho e dulang nako e telele e sebediseha bakeng sa nako e telele haholo. Bokgoni ba ho dula nako e telele ke e nngwe ya dintho tse hlokehang bakeng sa mokgwa wa kananyo.
Approved Translation
Nchumu lowu tiyeke wu hanya nkarhi wo leha swinene. Ntiyo hi xin’wana xa swilaveko swa switirhisiwa xa cincaniso.
Approved Translation
Sengwe se se tshwarelelang se nna teng sebaka se seleele. Go tshwarelela ke nngwe ya ditlhokego tsa ledi.
Approved Translation
Xa kusithiwa into igcinakele sukuba ihlala ithuba elide. Ukugcinakala yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko kunaniselwano.
Approved Translation
Into eqinile ihlala isikhathi eside ingapheli/ingagugi. Ukuqina kwempahla ngenye yezinto ezifunekayo kuhlelo lokuthengiselana.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC GROWTH
This is the increase in an economy’s level of real output over time.
Approved Translation
Dit is die toename in 'n ekonomie se peil van reële (werklike) produksie met verloop van tyd.
Approved Translation
Ye ke koketšego ya maemo a tšweletšo ya kgonthe ya ekonomi go ya le nako.
Translation Discussion
Approved Translation
Ena ke keketso ho bophahamo ba moruo wa tlhahiso ya nnete ha nako e tsamaya.
Approved Translation
Lowu i nkulo wa levhele ya ikhonomi ya mbuyelo wa ntiyiso ku ya hi mikarhi.
Approved Translation
Ke koketsego ya seemo sa tlhagiso tota ya ikonomi mo tsamaong ya nako.
Approved Translation
Oku kukwanda kwenqanaba loqoqosho ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Approved Translation
Lokhu ukukhula ezingeni lwezomnotho lwemiphumela evela ekuqhubekeni kwesikhathi.
ECONOMIC LOSS
ECONOMIC LOSS
A producer makes an economic loss if his or her revenue is enough to cover average variable cost, but not enough to cover average fixed cost as well.
Approved Translation
'n Produsent maak 'n ekonomiese verlies wanneer sy of haar inkomste genoeg is om die gemiddelde veranderlike koste te dek, maar nie genoeg om ook die gemiddelde vaste koste te dek nie.
Approved Translation
Motšweletši o ba le tahlegelo ya ekonomi ge ditseno tša gagwe di kgona go akaretša palogare ya ditshenyagalelo tše di fetofetogago, eupša di se tša lekana go ka akaretša le palogare ya ditshenyagalelo tše di sa fetogego.
Approved Translation
Mohlahisi o etsa tahleho ya moruo ha kuno ya hae e lekane ho shebana le palohare ya tjeo e fetofetohang, empa e sa lekaneng hape ho shebana le palohare e tsitsitseng ya tjeo.
Approved Translation
Mumaki u va na ndzahlekeriwoxiikhonomi loko mali ya yena yi enerile ku angarhela tihakelo to hambanahambana, kambe yi nga enelangi ku angarhela tihakelonkancinco.
Approved Translation
Motlhagisi o nna le tatlhegelo ya ikonomi fa lotseno la gagwe lo lekane go duela palogare ya ditshenyegelo tse di farologanang mme le sa lekana go duela le palogare ya ditshenyegelo tse di tsepameng.
Approved Translation
Umvelisi wenza ilahleko kuqoqosho xa ingeniso yakhe yanele ukuba ingahlawula iindleko eziqhekekileyo ngokwahluka-hlukana kwazo, kodwa ibe inganelanga ukuhlawula iindleko eziqhekekileyo ezisisigxina ngokunjalo.
Approved Translation
Umkhiqizi uba nokulahlekelwa ngokwezomnotho uma imali yakhe engenayo ilingene ukubonelela izindleko eziyi-avareji ezahlukahlukanayo, kepha ibe ingenele ukubonelela izindleko eziyi-avareji ezingaguquki.
ECONOMIC PRODUCTS/GOODS
ECONOMIC PRODUCTS/GOODS
These products have utility (usefulness) and consumers have to pay to receive them. They are manufactured within the economic system. The supply of economic products is limited relative to the demand for these products. Economic products have utility as well as exchange value and they can be used to measure the wealth of a community.
Approved Translation
Hierdie produkte het 'n nut (bruikbaarheid) en verbruikers moet betaal om dit te ontvang. Dit word in die ekonomiese stelsel vervaardig. Die aanbod van ekonomiese produkte is beperk in verhouding tot die vraag daarna. Ekonomiese produkte het 'n nutswaarde en 'n ruilwaarde, en kan gebruik word om die rykdom (of welvaart) van 'n gemeenskap te meet.
Approved Translation
Ditšweletšwa di na le mohola woo badiriši ba swanetšego go o lefela. Ditšweletšwa tše di tšweletšwa ka gare ga lenaneo la ekonomi. Kabo ya ditšweletšwa tša ekonomi e beelwa mellwane ke nyakego ya ditšweletšwa tšeo. Ditšweletšwa tša ekonomi di na le mohola gammogo le boleng bja phetolelano gomme di ka dirišwa go ela lehumo la setšhaba.
Approved Translation
Dihlahiswa di na le melemo (ho sebediseha) mme eo basebedisi ba tshwanelang ho e lefella. Dihlahiswa tsena di etswa hara tshebetso ya moruo. Nehelano ya dihlahiswa tsa moruo e na le moedi o tsamaelanang le tlhoko bakeng sa dihlahiswa tsena. Dihlahiswa tsa moruo di na le ho sebediseha esita le molemo wa kananyo mme di ka sebediswa jwalo ka tekanyo ya borui ba setjhaba.
Approved Translation
Swimakiwa leswi swi nga na ntirhiseko leswi vatirhisi va faneleke ku swi hakelela. Swimakiwa leswi swi makiwa eka sisiteme ya ikhonomi. Mphakelo wa swimakiwa swa ikhonomi wu ntsongo ku ya hi xilaveko xa swimakiwa leswi. Swimakiwa swa ikhonomi swi na nkoka wa ntirhiseko na wa ncincaniso naswona swi nga tirhisiwa ku pima rifuwo ra muganga.
Approved Translation
Dikumo tse di mosola (bomosola) mme badirisi ba tshwanetse go duela gore ba di amogele. Di tlhagisiwa mo thulaganyong ya ikonomi. Tlamelo ya dikumo tsa ikonomi e lekanyeditswe go ya ka tlhokego ya tsona. Dikumo tsa ikonomi di na le mosola le boleng jwa kananyo mme di ka dirisiwa go lekanyetsa khumo ya setšhaba.
Approved Translation
Iimveliso eziluncedo nezifanele ukuhlawulelwa ngabasebenzi. Ezi mveliso zenziwa kwinkqubo yoqoqosho. Inkxaso yeemveliso zoqoqosho iqingqwa ngendlela exhomekeke ekudingekeni kwezo mveliso. Iimveliso kwezoqoqosho ziyasebenziseka kanti notshintshiselwano ngexabiso lunako ukusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubutyebi boluntu.
Approved Translation
Le yimikhiqizo enomsebenzi ewenzayo (ewusizo) futhi abasebenzisi bayo okumele bayikhokhele. Le mikhiqizo yenziwa ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezomnotho. Ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo yezomnotho kunemikhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa nesidingo sayo le mikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo yezomnotho inomsebenzi ibuye ibe negugu lokwenana (ukushintshiselana) kwentela futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola isilinganiso somcebo womphakathi.
ECONOMIC PROFIT
ECONOMIC PROFIT
This is also called abnormal profit. It is the difference between total revenue from the sale of a firm’s products, and total explicit cost plus implicit cost (i.e. all the firm’s costs). In making an abnormal or an economic profit, a firm thus covers all its costs and also has some revenue left over.
Approved Translation
Dit word ook abnormale wins genoem. Dit is die verskil tussen die totale inkomste uit die verkoop van 'n firma se produkte, en die totale eksplisiete koste plus implisiete koste (dws al die firma se koste). Wanneer 'n firma dus 'n abnormale of ekonomiese wins maak, dek hy al sy koste en het hy ook inkomste oor.
Approved Translation
Se se bitšwa gape poelo ye e sego ya tlwaelo. Ke phapano magareng a palomoka ya ditseno go tšwa thekišong ya ditšweletšwa, le palomoka ya ditshenyagalelo tše di ka šupšago le ditshenyagalelo tše di ka se šupiwego (ke gore ditshenyagalelo ka moka tša kgwebo). Ka go dira poelo ye e sego ya tlwaelo goba poelo ya ekonomi, kgwebo e akaretša ditshenyagalelo tša yona ka moka mola e bile e šalelwa ke setsekana.
Approved Translation
Ena hape e bitswa phaello e sa tlwaelehang. Ke phapang pakeng tsa paloyohle ya lekeno/kuno le tswang ho thekiso ya dihlahiswa tsa feme, le paloyohle ya ditjeo tse hlakileng mmoho le ditjeo tse sa hlakang (ke ho re ditjeo tsohle tsa feme). Ho etsa phaello e sa tlwaelehang kapa ya moruo, feme kahoo e akaretsa ditjeo tsohle tsa yona mme hape e na le lekeno le itseng le setseng.
Approved Translation
Leswi swi tlhela swi vuriwa mpindzulonkantoloveleko. I ku hambana exikarhi ka mali hinkwayo yo huma eka ku xavisiwa ka swimakiwa swa feme, na tihakelo leti nga erivaleni ku katsa na tihakelo leti nga riki erivaleni (hlsw: tihakelo hinkwato ta feme). Hi ku endla mpindzulo wo ka wu nga tolovelekangi kumbe wa ikhonomi, feme yi angarhela tihakelo hinkwato ta yona na ku va yi tlhela yi sala na mali yin’wana.
Approved Translation
Se se bidiwa gape poelo e sa tlwaelegang. Ke pharologano magareng ga lotseno lotlhe la thekiso ya dikumo tsa feme le ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tse di bonalang mmogo le ditshenyegelo tse di sa bonaleng (go raya gore ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa kgwebo). Fa kgwebo e dira poelo e e sa tlwaelegang kgotsa poelo ya ikonomi, ke fa e kgonne go bona ditshenyegelo tsa yona tsotlhe mme ya salelwa ke lotseno lo longwe.
Approved Translation
Le ikwabizwa ngokuba yinzuzo engaqhelekanga. Ingumahluko phakathi kwengeniso epheleleyo efumaneke ngokuthengisa iimveliso zequmrhu, neendleko ezisisixa esipheleleyo esibonakala ngokuphandle kunye neendleko ezingabonakaliyo (o.k.t. zonke iindleko zoshishino). Xa ishishini lisenza inzuzo engaqhelekanga okanye eyoqoqosho, lihlawula zonke iindleko zalo kwaye liba nayo intsalela ethile yengeniso.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kubuye kubizwe ngenzuzo eyedlulele/engejwayelekile. Kungumehluko phakathi kwemali engenayo etholakala ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yemboni, kanye nezindleko ezisobala sezizonke zihlanganiswe nezindleko ezingekho obala (okungukuthi zonke izindleko zebhizinisi). Ekwenzeni inzuzo engejwayelekile noma inzuzo yezomnotho, ibhizinisi ngalokho-ke lihlinzekela zonke izindleko zalo futhi libe nemali engenile esele.
ECONOMIC SECTOR
ECONOMIC SECTOR
This is a certain part or subdivision of the economy. For example, one can distinguish between the primary sector, in which natural resources are produced, and the secondary sector, in which natural resources are processed.
Approved Translation
Dit is 'n bepaalde deel of onderafdeling van die ekonomie. 'n Mens kan byvoorbeeld onderskei tussen die primêre sektor, waarin natuurlike hulpbronne geproduseer word, en die sekondêre sektor, waarin natuurlike hulpbronne verwerk word.
Approved Translation
Karolo ye nngwe goba karolo ya ka tlase ya ekonomi. Mohlala ke ge motho a ka bona phapano magareng a lekala la mathomo, moo go tšweletšwago mehlodi ya tlhago, le lekala la bobedi, moo mehlodi ya tlhago e šongwago.
Approved Translation
Karolo e itseng kapa karolwana ya moruo. Ho etsa mohlala, motho a ka kgetholla pakeng tsa lefapha la motheo, moo dithuso tsa tlhaho di hlahiswang, le lefapha le ka tlase, moo dithuso tsa tlhaho di hlophiswang.
Approved Translation
Xiphemu xo karhi xa avanyisotsongo wa ikhonomi. Xikombiso: munhu a nga hambanisa exikarhi ka xiyenge masungulo, laha ku makiwaka kona switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko, na le ka sekitaratsongo, laha ku lulamisiwaka switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko.
Approved Translation
Se ke karolo nngwe kgotsa karolopotlana ya ikonomi. Sekai, motho a ka farologanya magareng ga lephata la ntlha le metswedi ya tlhago e tlhagisiwang mo go lona, le lephata la bobedi le metswedi ya tlhago e fetolwang mo go lona.
Approved Translation
Yinxalenye ethile okanye licandelo elonganyelweyo kuqoqosho. Umzekelo, ubani unako ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwecandelo elisentloko, apho kuveliswa khona imithombo yobutyebi eyindalo, kunye necandelo elandulelwayo, apho kuqhutyelwa phambili imithobo yobutyebi eyindalo.
Approved Translation
Le yingxenye ethile noma isigaba esiphansi somnotho. Ukwenza isibonelo, kungehlukaniswa phakathi komkhakha wesigaba sokuqala, okukhiqizwa kuwo izingcebo zezwe zemvelo, kanye nomkhakha wesigaba sesibili, lapho kusetshenzwa khona izingcebo zezwe zemvelo.
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
An economic system is the systematic way in which a community orders its economic activities to solve the basic economic problem of limited resources and unlimited wants. To order these activities, a country must have specific institutions, mechanisms, rules, procedures and decision-making processes for the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Together, all these institutions and processes make up the economic system.
Approved Translation
'n Ekonomiese stelsel is die stelselmatige manier waarop 'n gemeenskap sy ekonomiese bedrywighede reël om die basiese ekonomiese probleem van beperkte hulpbronne en onbeperkte behoeftes op te los. Om hierdie aktiwiteite te reël, moet 'n land spesifieke instellings, meganismes, reëls, prosedures en besluitnemingsprosesse vir die produksie, verdeling en verbruik van goedere en dienste hê. Al hierdie instellings en prosesse maak saam die ekonomiese stelsel uit.
Approved Translation
Lenaneo la ekonomi ke mokgwa wo o beakantšwego wo ka wona setšhaba se laelago ditiro tša sona tša ekonomi gore di rarolle bothata bja motheo bja ekonomi bja mehlodi ye e hlaelelago le dinyakwa tše di sa felego. Go laola ditiro tše, naga e swanetše go ba le mekgatlo ye e itšego, mekgwana ya go šoma, melao, ditsela tša go šoma le ditsela tša go tšea diphetho tša tšweletšo, phatlalatšo le tirišo ya diphahlo le ditirelo. Mekgatlo ye ka moka le ditsela mmogo di dira lenaneo la ekonomi
Approved Translation
Tshebetso ya moruo ke mokgwatshebetso moo setjhaba se laolang ditshebetso tsa moruo ho rarolla qaka ya motheo ya moruo ya dithuso tse nang le moedi le ditlhoko tse se nang moedi. Ho laola ditshebetso tsena, naha e tlameha ho ba le ditheo, mahlale a tshebetso, melawana, mekgwatshebetso e kgethehileng le ditshebetso tsa ho etsa qeto bakeng sa tlhahiso, kabo le tshebediso ya diphahlo le ditshebeletso. Tsohle ditheo tsena le ditshebetso mmoho di bopa tshebetso ya moruo.
Approved Translation
Sisiteme ya ikhonomi i ndlela yo landzeleleka laha muganga wu tirhisaka migingiriko ya yona ya ikhonomi ku lulamisa swiphiqo swa masungulo swa ikhonomi swa switirhisiwa leswi swi kalaka na swinaveriwa swa nkamakumu. Ku va na migingiriko leyi, tiko ri fanele ku va na swiyenge swo karhi, tindlela, milawu, maendlelo na tiphurosese ta ku teka swiboho swa swimakiwa, vuhangalasi na ku tirhisiwa ka tinhundzu na vukorhokeri. Swiyenge leswi hinkwaswo na tiphurosese ta kona swi endla sisiteme ya ikhonomi.
Approved Translation
Thulaganyo ya ikonomi ke tsela e e rulaganeng e setšhaba se rulaganyang ditiro tsa sona tsa ikonomi go rarabolola mathata a motheo a ikonomi a metswedi e e lekanyeditsweng le ditlhokego tse di sa feleng. Go rulaganya ditiro tse, naga e tshwanetse ya nna le ditheo tse di rileng, tsamaiso, melawana, dikgato le ditsela tsa go tsaya ditshwetso tsa tlhagiso, phasalatso le tiriso ya dithoto le ditirelo. Mmogo, ditheo tse tsotlhe le dithulaganyo di dira thulaganyo ya ikonomi.
Approved Translation
Inkqubo yezoqoqosho yindlela esebenza ngokuhlanganisela apho uluntu lumisela imisebenzi yoqoqosho ukuba lusombulule ingxaki esisiseko soqoqosho semithombo yobutyebi efinyezekileyo neemfuno ezingafinyezekanga. Ukumisela le misebenzi, ilizwe kufuneka libe namaziko ohlobo olulodwa, iintsebenzo-matshini, imithetho, iinkqubo neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo malunga nemveliso, ukusiwa kwayo apho ithunyelwa khona kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla neenkonzo. Onke la maziko neenkqubo zizonke ezi zinto zenza inkqubo yezoqoqosho.
Approved Translation
Uhlelo lwezomnotho yindlela ehleliwe esetshenziswa ngumphakathi ukuhlela kahle ngalo imisebenzi yawo yezomnotho, ukuxazulula inkinga eyisisekelo yezomnotho yengcebo yezwe engekho ngokwenele kanye nezidingo ezingenamkhawulo. Ukuhlela kahle le misebenzi, izwe kufanele libe nezinhlangano ezithile, amasu okwenza, imithetho, izinkambiso kanye nezindlela zokuthatha izinqumo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa nokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla nezinsiza. Sezizonke lezi zinhlangano nezindlela uma zindawonye, zakha uhlelo lwezomnotho.
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
The economically active population of a country is all the people who are available to participate in the production of goods and services. The economically active population is everyone who is willing and able to work, that is, both employed and unemployed people. (Unemployed people are not working, but they are available to work.)
Approved Translation
Die ekonomies bedrywige bevolking van 'n land is al die mense wat beskikbaar is om aan die produksie van goedere en dienste deel te neem. Die ekonomies bedrywige bevolking sluit almal in wat gewillig en in staat is om te werk, dit wil sê, sowel mense wat werk het as dié wat nie werk het nie. (Diegene wat werkloos is, werk nie, maar hulle is beskikbaar om te werk.)
Approved Translation
Setšhaba sa naga seo se kgathago tema ekonoming ke batho ka moka bao ba hwetšagalago go kgatha tema tšweletšong ya diphahlo le ditirelo. Setšhaba se se kgathago tema ekonoming ke batho ka moka bao ba ratago ebile ba kgona go šoma, ke gore bobeding batho bao ba thwetšwego le bao ba sa thwalwago. (Batho ba ba sa thwalwago ga ba šome, eupša ba a hwetšagala gore ba ka šoma.)
Approved Translation
Setjhaba se sebetsang ho tsa moruo hara naha ke batho bohle ba fumanehang ho ba le kabelo tlhahisong ya dihlahiswa le ditshebeletso. Setjhaba se sebetsang ho tsa moruo ke motho e mong le e mong ya ikemiseditseng le ya kgonang ho sebetsa, ke ho re, batho ka bobedi ba hirilweng le ba sa hirwang. (Batho ba sa hirwang ha ba sebetsi, empa ba a fumaneha ho sebetsa.)
Approved Translation
Vagingirikelikhonomi i vanhu hinkwavo lava va nga kona ku va va nghenela eku makiweni ka swimakiwa kumbe eka phakelo wa vukorhokeri. Vanhu lava va nga eku tirheni kumbe eku laveni ka ntirho i munhu un’wana na un’wana loyi a tsakelaka ku tirha na ku kota ku tirha, vathoriwa na lava va nga thoriwangiki. (Vanhu lava va nga thoriwangiki a va le ku tirheni, kambe va yimele ku tirha.)
Approved Translation
Baagi ba ba nnang le seabe mo ikonoming ya naga ke batho botlhe ba ba leng teng go ka nna le seabe mo tlhagisong ya dithoto le ditirelo. Baagi ba ba nnang le seabe mo ikonoming ke mongwe le mongwe yo o nang le maikemisetso e bile a ka kgona go dira, ke gore, batho ba ba dirang le ba ba sa direng. (Batho ba ba sa direng ga ba dire mme ba teng go ka dira.)
Approved Translation
Uluntu lwelizwe oluthabatha inxaxheba kuqoqosho ngabo bonke abantu abafumanekayo ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba ekuvelisweni kwempahla okanye kweenkonzo. Ngoko ke aba ngabantu abanomnqweno nabanakho ukusebenza, oko kukuthi abaphangelayo nabangaphangeliyo. (Abantu abangaphangeliyo ngabantu abangasebenziyo kodwa benakho ukusebenza.)
Approved Translation
abantu bezwe ababamba iqhaza kwezomnotho ngabantu bonke abazimbandakanya njalo ekukhiqizweni kwempahla nezinsiza. Abantu ababamba iqhaza kwezomnotho nguwonke ofisayo naloyo okwazi ukusebenza, ngingabhekisa kubantu ababili, oqashiwe nalowo ongaqashiwe. (Abantu abangaqashiwe abasebenzi, kanti basesimeni sokusebenza inqobo nje uma kunomsebenzi).
ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS
The study of how people, firms and governments allocate their limited resources in alternative ways to satisfy their unlimited needs
Approved Translation
Die studie van hoe mense, firmas en regerings (owerhede) hul beperkte hulpbronne op alternatiewe maniere toewys om in hul onbeperkte behoeftes te voorsien
Approved Translation
Thuto mabapi le ka mo batho, difeme le mebušo e abago mehlodi ya tšona ye e sego nene ka mekgwa ye e fetogago go kgotsofatša dinyakwa tša bona tše di sa felego.
Approved Translation
Boithuto ba mokgwa oo batho, difeme le mebuso ba abang mehlodi ya bona ya thuso e mmalwa ka mekgwa e tjhentjhanang ho kgotsofatsa ditlhoko tsa bona tse se nang moedi.
Approved Translation
Dyondzo ya ndlela leyi vanhu, tifeme na mifumo swi averisaka xiswona switirhisiwa swo kayivela hi tindlela to ticincaniseka ku endlela ku eneta swilaveko swa vona swo nkamakumu.
Approved Translation
Thuto ya ka moo batho, difeme le mebuso e abang ka gona metswedi ya yona e e lekanyeditsweng go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tse di sa feleng.
Approved Translation
Uphononongo lwendlela abantu, amaqumrhu noorhulumente ababelana ngayo ngemithombo yabo yobutyebi efinyezekileyo ngokweendlela ezizezinye ukuze banelise izidingo zabo ezibanzi.
Approved Translation
Ukucwaninga kokuthi abantu, izimboni kanye nohulumeni kuyaba kanjani ingcebo yezwe engenele, ngezindlela ezingezinye, ukuze kweneliswe izidingo ezikhona ezingenamkhawulo.
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
Economies of scale occur when increases in output lead to decreases in long-term average costs.
Approved Translation
Skaalbesparings kom voor wanneer toenames in die uitset (produksie) tot dalings in langtermyn- gemiddelde koste lei.
Approved Translation
Di-ekonomi tše di elwago ke seo se diregago ge koketšego ya tšweletšo e dira gore go be le diphokotšego tša palogare ya ditshenyagalelo lebakeng le le telele.
Approved Translation
Sekala sa meruo se etsahala moo dikeketso tsa tlhahiso di lebisang ho phokotseho ya palohare ya ditjeo nakong e telele.
Approved Translation
Tikhonomixikalo ti humelela laha miandzo ya ntshovelo yi yisaka eka michiko eka tihakeloxikarhi ta nkarhi wo leha.
Approved Translation
Sekale sa ikonomi se diragala fa dikoketsego tsa tlhagiso di baka phokotsego ya palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa paka e telele.
Approved Translation
Isikali sezimo zoqoqosho senzeka xa ukwandiswa kweemveliso kukhokelela kunciphiso lweendleko ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Approved Translation
Uhlelo lokukhiqiza okuningi ngokuncane lwenzeka lapho ukwengezeka kwemikhiqizo kuholela ekunciphiseni izindleko zokukhiqiza esikhathini eside.
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND (OR SUPPLY)
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND (OR SUPPLY)
The short name for price elasticity of demand (or supply)
Approved Translation
'n Korter naam vir prysvraagelastisiteit (of prys-aanbodelastisiteit)
Approved Translation
Leina le lekopana la tširogelo ya ka moo dinyakwa le kabo di tširogelago theko (poreisi).
Approved Translation
Ke lebitso le lekgutshwane bakeng sa tsharolo ya poreisi ya tlhoko (kapa ya phano).
Approved Translation
Nkomiso wa vito ra ntsanyuko wa nxavo wa swilaviwa (kumbe mphakelo)
Approved Translation
Leinakhutswe la tsibogo ya tlhotlhwa malebana le tlhokego kgotsa tlamelo.
Approved Translation
Igama elishunqulelweyo lonwebeko lwezidingo okanye ukukhutshwa nokuhanjiswa kweemveliso.
Approved Translation
Leli yigama elifushane lokunwebeka/lokushintsha kwentengo yalokho okufunekayo noma okutholakalayo.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The human initiative to put all the factors of production together in order to produce a product or service
Approved Translation
Die menslike inisiatief om al die produksiefaktore bymekaar te voeg ten einde 'n produk of diens te lewer
Approved Translation
Matsapa a motho a go kgoboketša didirišwa ka moka tša tšweletšo go tšweletša setšweletšwa goba tirelo.
Approved Translation
Matsapa a botho a ho kopanya mmoho dintlha tsohle tsa tlhahiso le ho hlahisa sehlahiswa/seetswa kapa tshebeletso.
Approved Translation
Nsungulo wa vanhu wa ku veka swipfuneti swa ntshovelo hinkwaswo kun’we kutani ku humesiwa ximakiwa kumbe vukorhokeri.
Approved Translation
Matsapa a motho a go kopanya didiriswa tsotlhe tsa tlhagiso gore a tlhagise kumo kgotsa tirelo.
Approved Translation
Lusungulo lomntu lokubeka yonke imibandela yokuvelisa ndawonye ukuze kuveliswe imveliso nokuba yinkonzo.
Approved Translation
Yisinyathelo esithathwa ngumuntu sokubeka wonke amaphuzu okukhiqiza ndawonye, ukwenzela ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo noma insiza.
EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM
In a general sense, equilibrium means a “balance” between different forces; a stable situation in which no one aspect is more important than another. An example is the statement, “we should reduce unemployment to keep the economy in equilibrium”. Also, see equilibrium point, equilibrium position, equilibrium price.
Approved Translation
Ewewig beteken oor die algemeen 'n balans tussen verskillende kragte; 'n stabiele situasie waarin een bepaalde aspek geensins belangriker as 'n ander is nie. 'n Voorbeeld is die stelling, “ons moet werkloosheid verminder om die ekonomie in ewewig te hou”. Kyk ook ewewigspunt, ewewigsposisie, ewewigsprys.
Approved Translation
Ka kakaretšo tekatekano e ra “go lekalekana” ga mahlakore a a fapafapanago, e lego boemo bjo bo tieletšego moo go sego ntlha ye e lego bohlokwa go feta ye nngwe. Mohlala ke ge motho a ka re “Re swanetše go fokotša tlhokego ya mešomo gore ekonomi e dule e lekalekanetše”. Bona gape le ntlha ya tekatekano, maemo a tekatekano, theko ya tekatekano.
Approved Translation
Kgopolo ka bophara, tekatekano e bolela “ho lekana” pakeng tsa matla a fapaneng, maemo a tsitsitseng moo ho se nang ntlha e bohlokwa haholo ho feta e nngwe. Ho etsa mohlala, motho a ka re “re tshwanela ho fedisa tlhokeho ya mesebetsi ho boloka tekatekano ya moruo”. Hape sheba ntlha ya tekatekano, sebaka sa tekatekano, poreisi ya tekatekano.
Approved Translation
Hi ntolovelo, ikhwilibiriyamu swi vula “ndzinganiso” exikarhi ka mikoko, ntshamiseko wa xiyimo laha ku nga hava nchumu wun’we lowu nga na nkoka ku tlula wun’wana. Xikombiso: munhu a nga vula ku “hi fanele ku hunguta ku pfumaleka ka mitirho ku endlela ku veka ikhonomi eka ikhwilibiriyamu”. Tlhela u languta poyinti ya ikhwilibiriyamu, xiyimo xa ikhwilibiriyamu, nxavo wa ikhwilibiriyamu.
Approved Translation
Ka kakaretso, tekatekano e kaya “tekano” magareng ga maatla a a farologaneng; maemo a a tsepameng ao go seng ntlha e e botlhokwa go na le e nngwe mo go ona. Sekai ke polelo e, “re tshwanetse go fokotsa botlhokatiro go tshola ikonomi e lekalekane”. O ka leba le ntlha ya tekatekano, maemo a tekatekano le tlhotlhwa ya tekatekano.
Approved Translation
Xa kuthethwa gabalala, ulungelelwaniso macala luthetha “ukulungelelanisa” phakathi kwamandla ahlukeneyo, imeko yozinzo apho umba othile ungabalulekanga ngaphezu komnye. Umzekelo, omnye umntu usenokuthi “masinciphise intswela-ngqesho ukugcina uqoqosho kulungelelaniswa macala”. Kwakhona libone inqanaba lolungelelwaniso macala, indawo yolungelelwaniso macala, ixabiso lolungelelwaniso macala.
Approved Translation
Ngokubanzi nje, ikhwilibriyamu ichaza “uzinzo“ phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene, isimo esisimeme lapho kungenaphuzu elingaphezu kwelinye ngokubaluleka. Ukwenza isibonelo, umuntu angathi, “kumele sehlise ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ukuze sigcine isimo sezomnotho sisimeme silingana”. Phinda ubheke iphuzu eliphathelene nokulingana, isikhundla esiphathelene nokulingana nentengo ephathelene nokulingana.
EQUILIBRIUM POINT
EQUILIBRIUM POINT
The equilibrium point on a graph, which depicts demand and supply, is the point at which the demand curve intersects the supply curve and the price is set.
Approved Translation
Die ewewigspunt op 'n grafiek, waarop vraag en aanbod voorgestel word, is die punt waarby die vraagkromme die aanbodkromme sny en die prys vasgestel word.
Approved Translation
Ntlha ya tekatekano ya kerafong ye e laetšago nyakego le kabo ke ntlha yeo go yona khebe e thomago go putlaganya khebe ya kabo gomme theko e beiwa gona moo.
Approved Translation
Ntlha ya tekatekano kerafong e bontshang hore tlhoko le phano ke ntlha moo tshokamo ya tlhoko e teanang le tshokamo ya phano mme poreisi e a behwa.
Approved Translation
Ndhawu ya ndzinganelo eka girafu leyi yi kombisaka laveko na mphakelo; i poyinti laha nghoveko wa ntila wa swilaviwa wu hlanganaka kona na nghoveko wa ntila wa mphakelo kutani ku vekiwa nxavo.
Approved Translation
Ntlha ya tekatekano mo kerafong e e bontshang tlhokego le tlamelo, ke ntlha eo mo go yona go kopanang mola wa tlhokego le wa tlamelo mme go tlhomiwe tlhotlhwa.
Approved Translation
Inqanaba lolungelelwaniso macala kumzobo wamahla-ndinyuka (igrafu) ochonga imfuno ebangwayo nokukhutshwa kwenkxaso linqaku apho igophe lemfuno ebangwayo linqamleza igophe lenkxaso yayo ukuze kubekwe ixabiso.
Approved Translation
ukulingana kugrafu izinga lalokho okufunekayo nalokho okulethwayo/okunikezwayo, kuluphawu lwegrafu olukhomba ukuhlangana phakathi kwalokho okufunekayo nalokho okulethwayo/okunikezwayo kanti uma kunjalo kubekwa intengo.
EQUILIBRIUM POSITION
EQUILIBRIUM POSITION
The equilibrium position of a firm is the quantity of output at which its profits will be maximised.
Approved Translation
'n Firma se ewewigsposisie is die hoeveelheid produksie waarby sy wins so groot moontlik sal wees.
Approved Translation
Maemo a tekatekano a kgwebo ke bontši bja tšweletšo bjo go bjona dipoelo tša bjona di tla bago maemong a godimodimo.
Approved Translation
Sebaka sa tekatekano sa feme ke bongata ba tlhahiso moo diphaello tsa yona di tlang ho atiswa.
Approved Translation
Xiyimo xa ndzinganelo wa feme i ntalo wa swihumesiwa laha mipindzulo ya yona yi nga ta ndlandlamuxiwa.
Approved Translation
Maemo a tekatekano a kgwebo ke bogolo ba tlhagiso bo go fitlhelelwang dipoelo ka botlalo mo go bona.
Approved Translation
Indawo yolungelelwaniso macala yeshishini sisixa sokuveliswayo apho iinzuzo zaso ziza kunyuswa kangangoko.
Approved Translation
Isimo senkampani sokuba kwi ikhwilibriyamu sichaza inani lomkhiqizo lapho inzuzo iphindaphindeka khona.
EQUILIBRIUM PRICE
EQUILIBRIUM PRICE
The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
Approved Translation
Die prys waarteen die hoeveelheid gevra gelyk is aan die hoeveelheid aangebied.
Approved Translation
Theko yeo go yona bontši bjo bo nyakwago bo lekana le bontši bjo bo abjago.
Approved Translation
Poreisi moo bongata ba tlhoko bo lekanang le bongata ba phano.
Approved Translation
Nxavo wa laha ntalo lowu laviweke wu ringanaka na ntalo lowu phakeriweke.
Approved Translation
Tlhotlhwa e bogolo bo bo tlhokegang bo lekanang le bogolo jo bo tlametsweng.
Approved Translation
Ixabiso apho isixa esiyimfuno ebangwayo silingana nesixa esiyimvelisoo.
Approved Translation
Ientengo yenani lempahla efunekayo ilingana nentengo yenani lempahla etholwayo/enikelwayo.
EXCESS DEMAND
EXCESS DEMAND
It is also called a market shortage. This occurs when the quantity demanded of a good is greater than the quantity supplied of a good at that particular price.
Approved Translation
Dit word ook 'n marktekort genoem. Dit kom voor wanneer die hoeveelheid gevra van 'n produk groter is as die hoeveelheid aangebied van 'n produk teen die bepaalde prys.
Approved Translation
E bitšwa tlhaelelo ya setšweletšwa. Yona e tšwelela ge go na le nyakego ye kgolwane ya setšweletšwa go feta ka mmarakeng, ke gore go na le tlhaelelo ya setšweletšwa go theko ye itšeng.
Approved Translation
Hape e bitswa kgaello ya mmaraka. Hona ho etsahala ha bongata ba tlhoko ya thepa bo le boholo ho ena le bongata ba phano ya thepa ka poreisi eo e kgethehileng.
Approved Translation
Xi tlhela xi vuriwa nkayivelo wa makete. Leswi swi humelela loko ntalo lowu laviweke wa nhundzu wu tele ku tlula ntalo wa leswi swi phakeriweke swa nhundzu hi nxavo wo karhi.
Approved Translation
E bitswa tlhaelo mo mebarakeng. E diragala fa go na le tlhokego e kgolo ya ditlhagiswa e e fetang ditlhagiswa tse di tlametsweng ka tlhotlhwa e e rileng.
Approved Translation
Ikwaziwa njengokusilela kwemalike. Oku kwenzeka xa iimfuno zabathengi ngento ethile zingaphezulu kwemveliso yaloo nto ngelo xabiso.
Approved Translation
Kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukuntuleka emakethe. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inani lemikhiqizo elidingekayo ledlula inani elitholakalayo ngentengo ebekiwe.
EXPECTATIONS
EXPECTATIONS
Expectations are what people believe will happen in the future. For example, consumers may have the expectation that the price of a product will rise, in which case they will buy more of it before the price increases.
Approved Translation
Dit is wat mense glo in die toekoms gaan gebeur. Verbruikers kan byvoorbeeld die verwagting hê dat die prys van 'n produk sal toeneem, en in so 'n geval sal hulle meer daarvan koop voordat die prys styg.
Approved Translation
Tše batho ba kgolwago gore di tla direga mabakeng a tlago. Mohlala ke, badiriši ba ka ba le tetelo ya gore theko ya setšweletšwa e ka hlatloga, e lego seo se tla dirago gore ba reke setšweletšwa seo ka bontšinyana pele theko e hlatloga.
Approved Translation
Ntho eo batho ba kgolwang hore e tla etsahala nakong e tlang. Ho etsa mohlala, basebedisi ba ka ba le tebello ya hore poreisi/theko ya sehlahiswa/seetswa e ka phahama, mme maemong ao ba ka e reka ho feta pele poreisi e nyoloha.
Approved Translation
hi leswi vanhu va tshembaka leswaku swi ta humelela nkarhi lowu taka. Xikombiso: vatirhisi va nga va na nangutelo wa leswaku nxavo wa ximakiwa wu ta tlakuka, laha loko swi ri tano va nga ta xava swimakiwa swo tala nxavo wu nga si tlakuka.
Approved Translation
Ditsholofelo ke se batho ba dumelang gore se tlaa diragala mo isagong. Sekai, badirisi ba ka solofela gore tlhotlhwa ya kumo e ka tlhatloga mme seo se dire gore ba e reke thata pele tlhotlhwa e tlhatloga.
Approved Translation
Yiloo nto abantu bacinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka yona kwixesha elizayo. Umzekelo, abasebenzisi basenokulindela ukuba ixabiso lemveliso linyuswe, xa kunjalo bayithenga ngaphezu kwesiqhelo phambi kokuba ixabiso linyuswe.
Approved Translation
Yilokho abantu abalindele ukuthi kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Ukwenza isibonelo, abathengi bemikhiqizo bangahle balindele ukuthi intengo yomkhiqizo ingahle ikhuphuke, okuyokwenza bawuthenge kakhudlwana ngaphambi kokuthi intengo ikhuphuke.
EXPLICIT COSTS
EXPLICIT COSTS
Explicit costs are monetary payments for the factors of production and other inputs bought, paid or hired by a firm, for example wages, taxes and rent.
Approved Translation
Eksplisiete koste is betalings, in die vorm van geld, vir die produksiefaktore en ander insette wat 'n firma koop, betaal of huur, byvoorbeeld lone, belasting en huurgeld.
Approved Translation
Ditshenyagalelo tše di ka šupšago ke ditefelo tša tšhelete tša didirišwa tša tšweletšo le tše dingwe tše di rekilwego goba di hirilwego ke kgwebo, mehlala ke megolo, metšhelo le rente.
Approved Translation
Ditjeo tse hlakileng ke ditefo tsa tjhelete bakeng sa dintlha tsa tlhahiso le dikenyeletso tse ding tse rekilweng kapa tse hirilweng ke feme, ho etsa mohlala meputso, makgetho le khiro.
Approved Translation
Tihakelo ta le rivaleni i tihakelo ta timali ta swipfuneti swa ntshovelo na swin’wana swinghenisiwa leswi xaviweke kumbe leswi lombiweke hi feme, xikombiso: miholo, swibalo na rhente.
Approved Translation
Ditshenyegelo tse di bonalang ke dituelo tsa tšhelete tsa didiriswa tsa tlhagiso le didirisiwa tse dingwe tse di rekilweng, duetsweng kgotsa di hirilwe ke kgwebo, sekai ke meputso, makgetho le rente.
Approved Translation
Iindleko ezibonakala ngokuphandle ziintlawulo ezenziwa ngemali ngeemfuneko zomsebenzi wokuvelisa nezinye izinto ezingeniswa kwishishini ezithengiweyo okanye eziqeshwe lishishini, umzekelo, imivuzo, iirhafu kunye nemali yokuqesha indawo (irenti).
Approved Translation
Izindleko ezisobala yizinkokhelo zemali ezikhokhela okuphathelene nokukhiqiza, kanye nokunye okufakwayo okuye kuthengwe, kubhadalwe noma kuqashwe yibhizinisi, ukwenza isibonelo, amaholo, izintela kanye nemali yokuqasha.
EXPORTS
EXPORTS
Exports are goods and services that other countries buy on our goods market.
Approved Translation
Uitvoere is goedere en dienste wat ander lande op ons land se goederemark koop.
Approved Translation
Ke diphahlo le ditirelo tše di rekwago ke dinaga tša ntle mebarakeng ya rena ya ditšweletšwa.
Approved Translation
Diyantle ke dithepa le ditshebeletso tseo dinaha tsa ka ntle di di rekang mmarakeng wa rona wa diphahlo.
Approved Translation
Swirhumelwamatikwenimambe i tinhundzu na vukorhokeri leswi matiko mambe ya swi xavaka eka timakete ta hina ta tinhundzu.
Approved Translation
Diromelwantle ke dithoto le ditirelo tse di rekiwang ke dinaga tse dingwe mo mmarakeng wa rona wa dikumo.
Approved Translation
Iimveliso ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yimpahla neenkonzo ezithengwa ngamazwe angaphandle kummandla wethu wentengiso yemveliso.
Approved Translation
Okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yizimpahla nezinsiza, ezithengwa ngamazwe angaphandle emakethe yethu yemikhiqizo.
FACTOR MOBILITY
FACTOR MOBILITY
This refers to the degree to which factors of production are “mobile”, that is, to which degree they can be moved around. Factor mobility is a determinant of the price elasticity of supply.
Approved Translation
Dit het betrekking op die mate waarin produksiefaktore “mobiel” is, dit wil sê die mate waarin dit rondgeskuif kan word. Faktormobiliteit is 'n bepalende faktor van prysaanbodelastisiteit.
Approved Translation
Se se ra kelo yeo ka yona didirišwa tša tšweletšo di ka “šuthago” ka yona, ke gore kelo ka mo di ka šuthišwago ka gona go tloga lefelong le lengwe go ya go le lengwe. Tšhuto ya didirišwa ke yona ye e laolago tširogelo ya theko go kabo.
Approved Translation
Hona ho lebisa ho kgato eo dintlha tsa tlhahiso di “sisinyehang” ho yona, ke ho re di ya kgatong efe moo di ka potoloswang. Ntlha ya tshisinyeho e laolwa ke kgonahalo ya ho saroloha ha poreisi ya phano.
Approved Translation
Leswi swi vula mpimo lowu swipfuneti swa swimakiwa swi “fambisekaka”, hileswaku mpimo lowu swi nga fambafambisiwaka hawona. Mfambafambiseko hi wona wu kombisaka ntsanyuko wa nxavo wa mphakelo.
Approved Translation
Se se kaya seelo se didiriswa tsa tlhagiso di “sutang“ ka sona, go raya gore di ka sutisega go le kana kang. Tshutisego ya didiriswa e ama tlhotlhwa ya tsibogelo ya tlamelo.
Approved Translation
Oku kubhekiselele kwiqondo apho iimfuneko zomsebenzi wemveliso “zityhutyha” zifikelele kulo, o.k.t. iqondo ezinokuqhutyelwa phambili ngalo. Utyhutyho lwemfuneko lusisikali sokunwebeka kwexabiso lenkxaso.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kuqondiswe ezingeni lapho izisetshenziswa zokukhiqiza “zingashintshwa” khona, indlela impahla ingahanjiswa jikelele. Ukuhanjiswa kwezisetshenziswa kuwuphawu elinquma ukunwebeka kwentengo yempahla ethunyelwayo/elethwayo.
FINAL GOODS
FINAL GOODS
Goods that are used by households, firms and individuals as final products – that is, they are not used to produce anything else.
Approved Translation
Goedere wat huishoudings, firmas en individue as eindprodukte gebruik – dit word met ander woorde nie gebruik om enigiets anders te produseer nie.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo tše di dirišwago ke malapa, difeme le batho e le diphahlo tše di feletšego, ke gore ga di dirišwe go tšweletša se sengwe.
Approved Translation
Dithepa tse sebediswang ke malapa, difeme le batho jwalo ka sehlahiswa/seetswa sa ho qetela, ke ho re, ha di sebediswe ho hlahisa le eng feela e nngwe.
Approved Translation
Tinhundzu leti ti tirhisiwaka hi mindyangu, tifeme na vanhu ntsena tanihi ximakiwa xo hetelela – hileswaku, a swi tirhisiwi ku maka ximakiwa xin’wana.
Approved Translation
Ke dithoto tse di dirisiwang ke malapa, difeme le batho jaaka kumo e e feletseng - go raya gore ga di dirisiwe go tlhagisa sepe gape.
Approved Translation
Impahla esetyenziswa emakhaya, ngamashishini ngabantu ngabanye njengemveliso egqibekileyo, oko kukuthi, ayisetyenziselwa kuvelisa nayiphi enye into.
Approved Translation
Lezi yizimpahla ezisetshenziswa ngamakhaya, yizimboni kanye nabantu njengomkhiqizo osesigabeni sokuthengwa, okungukuthi azisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okunye okusha.
FIXED COST
FIXED COST
Fixed cost is cost that does not change with the quantity of production, for example rent – whether a business produces more or less, the rent on its premises stays the same.
Approved Translation
Vaste koste is koste wat nie verander namate die hoeveelheid wat geproduseer word, verander nie. 'n Voorbeeld is huurgeld – ongeag of 'n besigheid meer of minder produseer, die huurgeld vir sy perseel bly dieselfde.
Approved Translation
Tshenyagalelo ye e sa fetogego ke yeo e sa angwego ke bontši bja setšweletšwa, mohlala ke rente — go sa šetšwe gore kgwebo e tšweletša bontši goba bonnyane, rente ye e lefelwago lefelo leo e a swana.
Approved Translation
Tjeo e tsitsisitsweng ke tjeo e sa fetoheng le bongata ba tlhahiso, ho etsa mohlala ke rente — ebang kgwebo e hlahisa ka hodimo kapa ka tlase, rente diahelong tsa yona e a tshwana.
Approved Translation
Hakelonkancinco i hakelo leyi yi nga cinciki ku ya hi ntalo wa swimakiwa, xik: rhente – hambi bindzu ri humesa swo tala kumbe switsongo, rente ya miako yi tshamisa sweswo.
Approved Translation
Tshenyegelo e e tlhomameng ke tshenyegelo e e sa fetogeng go ya ka bogolo jwa tlhagiso, sekai ke rente — go sa kgathalesege gore a kgwebo e tlhagisa go le go ntsi kgotsa go le go nnye, rente ya lefelo ga e fetoge.
Approved Translation
Iindleko ezisisigxina ziindleko ezingaguquki ngokwesixa semveliso, umzk. irenti — nokuba lishishini libe nemveliso engaphezulu okanye enganeno, irenti yendawo ayiguquki.
Approved Translation
Lezi zindleko yizindleko ezingaguquki zihambisane nobungako bomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, imali yokuqasha indawo — imali yokuqasha iyafana ngisho ibhizinisi likhiqiza kakhulu noma kancane.
FORMAL SECTOR
FORMAL SECTOR
This is the sector of the economy in which economic activities are performed within an organisational structure and are recorded. The participants, who work in the formal sector, pay taxes, and the activities that take place in this sector are therefore shown in the official statistics of the country. The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors are all part of the formal sector.
Approved Translation
Dit is die sektor van die ekonomie waarin ekonomiese bedrywighede binne 'n organisasiestruktuur plaasvind en opgeteken word. Die deelnemers, wat in die formele sektor werk, betaal belasting, en die bedrywighede wat in hierdie sektor plaasvind, word dus in die land se amptelike statistiek weerspieël. Die primêre, sekondêre, tersiêre en kwaternêre sektor maak almal deel van die formele sektor uit.
Approved Translation
Le ke lekala la ekonomi leo go lona ditiro tša ekonomi di dirwago sebopegong se se beakantšwego gomme di a ngwalwa. Bakgathatema ba ba šomago lekaleng la semmušo ba lefa metšhelo, gomme ditiro tše di bago gona lekaleng leo di laetšwa dipalopalong tša semmušo tša naga. Makala a motheo, a legatong la bobedi, la boraro le la bone ka moka ke karolo ya lekala la semmušo.
Approved Translation
Lena ke lefapha la moruo moo mesebetsi ya moruo e phethwang hara seahelo sa mokgatlo mme e a ngolwa. Ba nang le seabo ba sebetsang lefapheng le molaong ba lefa makgetho, mme mesebetsi e etsahalang hara lefapha kahoo e a bontshwa ho dipalopalo tsa naha. Mafapha a motheo, a manyane, a boithuti le a kgwedi-tharo ohle ke karolo e molaong ya lefapha.
Approved Translation
Lexi i xiyenge xa ikhonomi laha migingiriko ya ikhonomi yi humelelaka kona eka xivandla xa nhlangano na ku va yi tlhela yi rhekhodiwa. Vangheneri lava va tirhaka eka xiyenge xa mafundza va hakela swibalo, na migingiriko leyi yi humelelaka eka xiyenge ya kombisiwa eka tinhlayohlayo ta ximfumo ta tiko. Tisekitara ta masungulo, titsongo, ta thexiyari na ta ximune hinkwato i xiphemu xa xiyenge xa mafundza .
Approved Translation
Le ke lephata la ikonomi le mo go lona ditiro tsa ikonomi di diriwang go ya ka thulaganyo mme di kwalwa. Banni le seabe ba ba dirang mo lephateng le le rulaganeng ba duela makgetho, mme ditiro tse di diragalang mo lephateng le di supiwa mo dipalopalong tsa semmuso tsa ngwaga. Maphata otlhe a motheo, a bobedi, a boraro le a bone ke karolo ya lephata le le rulaganeng.
Approved Translation
Eli licandelo lezoqoqosho apho imisebenzi yoqeqesho yenziwa phakathi kwemo yesakhiwo sequmrhu kwaye iyagcinwa. Abathabathi-nxaxheba abasebenza kwicandelo elicwangciselweyo bahlawula iirhafu, kwaye imisebenzi eyenziwayo kweli candelo, ngoko ke, ibonakaliswa kwiinkcukacha zamanani aseburhulumenteni belizwe. Amacandelo exesha lokuqala, ibe ngalandela awexesha lokuqala, exesha lesithathu nawexesha elilandela elesithathu onke ziinxalenye zecandelo elicwangciselweyo.
Approved Translation
Lo ngumkhakha wezomnotho lapho kwenziwa futhi kuqoshwe khona imisebenzi yezomnotho ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo senhlangano. Abahlanganyele lapho abasebenza kulo mkhakha bakhokha intela. Imisebenzi eyenzeka kulo mkhakha ngenxa yalokho iye ikhonjiswe ezibalweni ezisemthethweni zezwe. Imikhakha engungqa phambili, esezingeni lesibili, elesithathu nelesine, yonke iyingxenye yalo mkhakha.
FREE PRODUCTS/GOODS
FREE PRODUCTS/GOODS
Products that have utility but for which we do not have to pay, because they are not scarce, for example, air and seawater
Approved Translation
Produkte wat 'n nut het, maar waarvoor ons nie hoef te betaal omdat dit nie skaars is nie, byvoorbeeld lug en seewater
Approved Translation
Ditšweletšwa tše di nago le mohola, eupša e le tšeo re sa di lefelego, ka ge di hwetšagala gabonolo, mohlala ke moya le meetse a lewatle.
Approved Translation
Dihlahiswa tse nang le molemo empa tse sa hlokeng hore re di lefelle, hobane ha se leqeme, mohlala ke moya le metsi a lewatle.
Approved Translation
Swimakiwa leswi nga na ntirhisiwo kambe leswi hi nga swi hakeleriki, hikuva a swi kali, xik: moya na mati ya lwandle.
Approved Translation
Dithoto tse di mosola mme re sa di duelele gonne di le teng ka metlha, sekai, mowa le metsi a lewatle.
Approved Translation
Iimveliso ezisebenzisekayo kodwa ekunganyanzelekanga ukuba sizihlawulele, kuba zinganqabanga, umzk. umoya namanzi aselwandle.
Approved Translation
Lena yimikhiqizo enomsebenzi kodwa okungalindelekile ukuthi siyikhokhele ngoba ingeyona indlala, isibonelo, umoya namanzi olwandle.
FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
A country’s total income is divided between rent, interest, salaries and profit in terms of this distribution.
Approved Translation
Dit is die manier waarop 'n land se totale inkome tussen huurgeld, rente, salarisse en wins verdeel word.
Approved Translation
Wo ke mokgwa wo palomoka ya ditseno tša naga e arolwago magareng a rente, mašokotšo, megolo le poelo.
Approved Translation
Ona ke mokgwa oo paloyohle ya moruo wa naha o arolwang pakeng tsa rente, tswala, meputso le phaello.
Approved Translation
Leyi i ndlela leyi mali ya tiko yi avanyisiwaka hayona exikarhi ka rhente, mitswalo, miholo na mpindzulo.
Approved Translation
Lotseno lotlhe la naga lo aroganngwa magareng ga rente, morokotso, meputso le poelo go ya ka phasalatso e.
Approved Translation
Le yindlela ingeniso esisixa esipheleleyo selizwe yahlulwa ngayo phakathi kwerenti, inzala, imivuzo kunye nenzuzo.
Approved Translation
Ukulandela le ndlela yokwahlukanisa imali, imali engenayo yezwe yehlukaniswa phakathi njengemali yokuqasha, inzalo, amaholo kanye nenzuzo.
GOODS
GOODS
Goods are tangible objects (things you can touch) from which individuals obtain satisfaction, like food, clothing, cars, chairs, computers, and so on.
Approved Translation
Goedere is tasbare voorwerpe wat in individue se behoeftes voorsien, soos kos, klere, motors, stoele, rekenaars, ensovoorts.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo ke dilo tše di kgotsofatšago batho. Ke dilo tše o ka di swarago go swana le dijo, diaparo, dikoloi, ditulo, dikhomphyuthara, bjalobjalo.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo ke dintho tseo batho ka bomong ba fumanang kgotsofalo ho tsona. Ke dintho tse tshwarehang (dintho tseo o ka di amang), tse kang dijo, diaparo, dimmotokara, ditulo, dikhompyutha, jwalo jwalo.
Approved Translation
Tinhundzu i michumu leyi vanhu va kumaka ku eneteka eka yona. I michumu leyi yi khomekaka (swilo leswi u nga swi khomaka), swo tanihi swakudya, swiambalo, mimovha, switulu, tikhompyutara, na swin’wana swo tano.
Approved Translation
Dithoto ke dilo tse di tshwaregang (dilo tse o ka di amang) jaaka dijo, diaparo, dikoloi, ditilo, dikhomphiutara, jalo le jalo.
Approved Translation
Impahla zizinto abantu ngabanye abafumana ukwaneliseka kuzo. Zizinto eziphathekayo (izinto onokuzichukumisa), njengokutya, impahla enxitywayo, iinqwelo-mafutha (iimoto), izitulo, iikhompyutha, njalo, njalo.
Approved Translation
Izimpahla yizinto umuntu angazibamba, lezo umuntu athola ukwaneliseka ngazo, njengokudla, okokugqoka, izimoto, izihlalo, amakhompiyutha nokunye.
GOODS MARKET
GOODS MARKET
It is also called the market for goods and services. This is the market on which goods and services are traded; producers sell their products here, and households buy them here.
Approved Translation
Dit word ook die mark vir goedere en dienste genoem. Dit is die mark waarop goedere en dienste verhandel word; produsente verkoop hul produkte hier, en huishoudings koop die produkte hier.
Approved Translation
O bitšwa gape mmaraka wa diphahlo le ditirelo. Wo ke mmaraka wo go wona diphahlo le ditirelo di rekišwago; batšweletši ba rekiša ditšweletšwa tša bona mo, gomme malapa a a di reka.
Approved Translation
Hape o bitswa mmaraka wa diphahlo le ditshebeletso. Ona ke mmaraka moo diphahlo le ditshebeletso di rekiswang; bahlahisi ba rekisa dihlahiswa tsa bona mona, mme malapa a a di reka.
Approved Translation
Swi tlhela swi vuriwa makete wa tinhundzu na vukorhokeri. Lowu i makete laha tinhundzu na vukorhokeri swi xavisiwaka; vamaki va xavisa swimakiwa swa vona kona, mindyangu yi swi xava.
Approved Translation
O bidiwa gape mmaraka wa dithoto le ditirelo. Ke mmaraka o dithoto le ditirelo di rekisiwang mo go ona; batlhagisi ba rekisa dikumo tsa bona fano mme malapa a di reka fano.
Approved Translation
Ukwabizwa ngokuba ngummandla wentengiso wempahla kunye neenkonzo. Lo ngummandla wentengiso apho kurhwetywa ngempahla nangeenkonzo; abavelisi bathengisa iimveliso zabo apha, ukuze amakhaya azithenge.
Approved Translation
Ibuye yaziwe ngokuthi yimakethe yezimpahla nezinsiza. Le yimakethe okuhwebelwana kuyo ngezimpahla nezinsiza; Abakhiqizi bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo lapha kanti namakhaya ayithenga lapho.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
Government incurs expenses by buying goods and services on the goods market and production factor market.
Approved Translation
Die owerheid gaan uitgawes aan (bestee) deur goedere en dienste op die goederemark en die produksiefaktormark te koop.
Approved Translation
Tše ke ditshenyagalelo tše di hwetšwago ke mmušo ka go reka diphahlo le ditirelo mmarakeng wa ditšweletšwa le mmarakeng wa didirišwa tša tšweletšo.
Approved Translation
Tsena ke ditshenyehelo tseo mmuso o kenang ho tsona ka ho reka diphahlo le ditshebeletso mmarakeng wa diphahlo le mmaraka wa dintlha tsa tlhahiso.
Approved Translation
Leswi i tihakelo leti mfumo wu ti endlaka hi ku xava tinhundzu na vukorhokeri eka timakete ta tinhundzu na le ka makete wa swipfuneti swa ntshovelo.
Approved Translation
Puso e nna le ditshenyegelo ka go reka dithoto le ditirelo mo mmarakeng wa dikumo le mo mmarakeng wa tlhagiso.
Approved Translation
Le yinkcitho eyenziwa ngurhulumente ngokuthenga impahla neenkonzo kummandla wentengiso yemveliso nakummandla wentengiso yemfuneko yomsebenzi wemveliso.
Approved Translation
Uhulumeni uhlangabezana nalezi zindleko ngokuthi athenge izimpahla nezinsiza emakethe yemikhiqizo kanye nakumakethe yezinto eziphathelene nezokukhiqiza.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
The value of total production within the borders of a country in a specific year before provision is made for depreciation
Approved Translation
Die waarde van die totale produksie binne die grense van 'n land in 'n bepaalde jaar, voordat daar vir waardevermindering voorsiening gemaak is.
Approved Translation
Boleng bja palomoka ya ditšweletšwa ka gare ga mellwane ya naga ngwageng wo o itšego, pele go ka ntšhwa ditshenyagalelo tša go felelwa ke boleng.
Approved Translation
Boleng ba paloyohle ya tlhahiso hara meedi ya naha selemong se kgethehileng pele ho etswa polokelo bakeng sa ho theoha ha moruo.
Approved Translation
Nkoka wa swimakiwa hinkwaswo endzeni ka mindzilikano ya tiko elembeni ro karhi loko ku nga si pfumeleriwa ku chika.
Approved Translation
Boleng ba tlhagiso yotlhe mo nageng mo ngwageng o o rileng pele go dirwa tlamelo ya phokotsegoboleng.
Approved Translation
Ixabiso elisisixa esipheleleyo semveliso phakathi kwemida yelizwe ngonyaka othile phambi kokuba kubekho amalungiselelo awenzelwa ithuba lokuncipha kwexabiso okanye ukuhla komgangatho.
Approved Translation
Ngubungako bakho konke okukhiqiziwe, ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe elithile, ngonyaka obekiwe, ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe amalungiselelo abonelela ukwehla okulethwa ukudleka kwento.
HETEROGENEOUS GOODS
HETEROGENEOUS GOODS
This class of goods has different qualities, or different brands or varieties, for example, washing powder and wristwatches.
Approved Translation
Dit is goedere wat verskillende kenmerke het, of waarvan daar verskillende handelsmerke of variëteite is, byvoorbeeld waspoeier en polshorlosies.
Approved Translation
Le ke legoro la diphahlo tšeo di nago le boleng bja go fapafapana, goba tšeo di nago le maina a mantši goba e le tša mehuta ye mentši, mohlala ke sesepe sa lerole, dišupanako tša letsogo, bjalobjalo.
Approved Translation
Tsena ke mofuta wa diphahlo tse nang le boleng bo fapaneng, kapa tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng kapa mefutafuta, ho etsa mohlala phofo ya ho hlatswa, diwatjhe tsa letsoho, jwalo jwalo.
Approved Translation
Leyi i mitlawa ya tinhundzu leti ti nga na mikoka yo hambanahambana, kumbe leyi yi nga na ku hambana ku ya hi mavito kumbe mihambano, xikombiso: xisibi xa mapa, tiwachi ta le mavokweni, na swin’wana swo tano.
Approved Translation
Mofuta ono wa dithoto o na le boleng jo bo farologaneng, kgotsa maina gongwe mefuta e e farologaneng, sekai, ke poere ya go tlhatswa le ditshupanako.
Approved Translation
Ezi ziindidi zempahla ezikwimigangatho eyahluka-hlukeneyo, okanye ezineentlobo ezahluka-hlukeneyo okanye iiyantlukwano, umzekelo umgubo wokuhlamba impahla, iiwotshi zesihlahla, njalo, njalo.
Approved Translation
Leli yiqoqo lezimpahla ezinezimpawu ezahlukene, noma ezinezinhlotshana ezahlukene, ukwenza isibonelo, impuphu yokuwasha, amawashi asesandleni nokunye.
HOMOGENEOUS GOODS
HOMOGENEOUS GOODS
In this class of goods, all goods are exactly alike.
Approved Translation
In hierdie klas goedere is al die goedere presies dieselfde.
Approved Translation
Le ke legoro la diphahlo tšeo ka moka di swanago.
Approved Translation
Tsena ke mofuta wa diphahlo tseo tsohle e leng tse tshwanang ka hohle.
Approved Translation
Lowu i ntlawa wa tinhundzu leti ti fanaka kwatsa.
Approved Translation
Mo mofuteng ono wa dithoto, dithoto tsotlhe di a tshwana.
Approved Translation
Ezi ziindidi zempahla efana ncam.
Approved Translation
Leli yiqoqo lezimpahla ezifana nse.
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN CAPITAL
This is the quality of labour of a labour force, that is, the level of skills and knowledge of the workers.
Approved Translation
Dit is die gehalte van arbeid in 'n arbeidsmag, dit wil sê die vlak van die werkers se vaardighede en kennis.
Approved Translation
Se ke boleng bja go šoma ga bašomi, ke gore kelo ya mabokgoni le tsebo ya bašomi.
Approved Translation
Bona ke boleng ba mosebetsi wa sehlopha sa basebetsi, ke ho re, bophahamo ba bokgoni le tsebo ya basebetsi.
Approved Translation
Leswi i nkoka wa ntirho wa vatirhi, hi leswaku, levhele ya vutshila na vutivi bya vatirhi.
Approved Translation
Se ke boleng jwa tiro ya badiri, go raya gore maemo a bokgoni le kitso ya badiri.
Approved Translation
Olu ludidi lwamandla okusebenza komntu, oko kukuthi, inqanaba leentlobo zobuchule nezolwazi lwabasebenzi.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kusho uhlobo lwabasebenzi abaqashiwe, okungukuthi izinga lamakhono nolwazi lwabasebenzi.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Human development in a country is the development of the country’s human potential, which involve improvements in health, nutrition and education, and a reduction of population growth. Human development is the most important means of stimulating a country’s economic development.
Approved Translation
Menslike ontwikkeling in 'n land is die ontwikkeling van die land se menslike potensiaal, wat verbeterings in gesondheid, voeding en onderwys, asook 'n stadiger bevolkingsgroei, behels. Menslike ontwikkeling is die belangrikste manier om 'n land se ekonomiese ontwikkeling te stimuleer.
Approved Translation
Tlhabollo ya batho ka nageng ke tlhabollo ya bokgoni bja batho gomme e ama dikaonefatšo maphelong, phepong le thutong le phokotšo ya kgolo ya thari. Tlhabollo ya batho ke mokgwa wo bohlokwahlokwa wa go hlohleletša tlhabollo ya ekonomi ya naga.
Approved Translation
Tswelopele ya botho naheng ke tswelopele ya bokgoni ba botho mme bo kenyeletsa dintlafatso tsa bophelo, phepo le thuto, le phokotso ya ho ata ha setjhaba. Tswelopele ya botho ke mokgwa o bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa wa ho kgothaletsa tswelopele ya moruo wa naha.
Approved Translation
Nhluvuko wa vanhu etikweni i ku hluvuka ka ku humelela ka vanhu na ku nghenisa miantswiso eka rihanyu, swakudya na dyondzo, na hunguto wa nkulo wa nhlayo ya vanhu. Nhluvukiso wa vanhu i nchumu wa nkoka swinene wa ku timula nhluvukiso wa ikhonomi ya tiko.
Approved Translation
Tlhabololo ya batho mo nageng ke tlhabololo ya bokgoni ba batho mo nageng, e e akaretsang tokafatso ya boitekanelo, kotlo le thuto, le phokotso ya kgolo ya setšhaba. Tlhabololo ya batho ke mokgwa o o botlhokwa thata wa go tsosolosa tlhabololo ya ikonomi ya naga.
Approved Translation
Uphuhliso lwabasebenzi kwilizwe ngalinye, luphuhliso lwezakhono zabasebenzi kwaye luquka ukuphuculwa kwempilo, kwesondlo, imfundo nokuncitshiswa kokwanda koluntu. Uphuhliso lwabasebenzi yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokukhulisa uphuhliso loqoqosho.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kusho ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhamuzi zezwe kanti kubandakanya ukwenziwa ngcono kwezempilo, ukutholakala kwezakhamzimba, ukuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo kanye nokunciphisa ukuzalana kwabantu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhamuzi kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile kakhulu ekukhuliseni umnotho.
IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE MARKET
IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE MARKET
Imperfect competition occurs when any one buyer or any one seller is able to influence the price. An imperfectly competitive market is thus a market on which prices are not set solely through the interaction of supply and demand, and it may be difficult for new sellers to enter the market. Monopolies and oligopolies are examples of imperfectly competitive markets.
Approved Translation
Onvolmaakte mededinging kom voor wanneer enige individuele koper of verkoper die prys kan beïnvloed. 'n Onvolmaak mededingende mark is dus 'n mark waar pryse nie alleenlik vasgestel word deur die wisselwerking tussen vraag en aanbod nie, en dit mag vir nuwe verkopers moeilik wees om die mark te betree. Monopolieë en oligopolieë is voorbeelde van onvolmaak mededingende markte.
Approved Translation
Phadišano ye e sa phethagalago e bonala ge moreki a le tee goba morekiši o tee a kgona go huetša theko. Mmaraka wa phadišano wo o sa phethagalago, ka lebaka leo, ke mmaraka woo go wona go se nago phadišano ye e lokilego — ka mantšu a mangwe, ditheko ga di bewe fela ke phetolano magareng a nyakego le kabo, gomme go ka ba thata go barekiši ba baswa go tsena mmarakeng. Dikgwebonoši le dikgwebo tša bonnyane ke mehlala ya mebaraka ya phadišano ye e sa phethagalago.
Approved Translation
Tlhodisano e sa phethahalang e etsahala ha moreki ofe kapa ofe a le mong kapa morekisi a kgona ho tshwaetsa poreisi. Mmaraka o nang le tlhodisano e sa phethahalang kahoo ke mmaraka moo ho se nang tlhodisano e phethahetseng — ka mantswe a mang, diporeisi ha di behwe feela ka tshebetsano ya phano le tlhoko, mme ho ka eba boima ho barekisi ba batjha ho kena mmarakeng. Dithekiso tsa sehlopha se le seng le dihlotshwana tse nyane ke mehlala ya tlhodisano e haellang ya dimmaraka.
Approved Translation
Mphikizano lowu nga hetisekangiki wu humelela loko un’wana, ku nga va muxavi kumbe muxavisi, a kota ku cinca nxavo. Maketenkamphikizanonene i makete laha ku nga hava mphikizanonene – hi marito man’wana, mixavo a yi vekiwi ku ya hi ku landza ku tirhisana exikarhi ka mphakelo na swilaviwa, leswi swi nga nonohelaka vaxavisi vantshwa ku va va nghena emakete. Vaxavisivoxe na tifemetsongo leti nga na vulawuri i swikombiso swa timaketenkaphikizanonene.
Approved Translation
Mmaraka wa kgaisano o o sa lolamang o diragala fa moreki yo mongwe kgotsa morekisi mongwe le mongwe a kgona go tlhotlheletsa tlhotlhwa. Ka jalo, mmaraka wa kgaisano o o sa lolamang ke mmaraka o go se nang kgaisano e e lolameng mo go ona — ka mantswe a mangwe ditlhotlhwa ga di tlhomiwe ka kgokagano ya tlamelo le tlhokego, mme go ka nna boima mo barekising ba ba ntšhwa go tsena mo mmarakeng. Kgwebonosi le kgwebo ya ditlhotshwana ke dikai tsa mmaraka wa kgaisano o o sa lolamang.
Approved Translation
Ukhuphiswano olungagqibelelanga lwenzeka xa umthengi othile okanye nawuphi umthengisi ekwazi ukuba neempembelelo kwixabiso. Ummandla wentengiso yokhuphiswano olungagqibelelanga ngoko ke ngummandla wentengiso apho kungekho lukhuphiswano lugqibeleleyo — ngamanye amazwi, amaxabiso awabekwa kuphela ngenxa yokudibaniselana kwenkxaso nemfuno ebangwayo, kwaye kusenokuba nzima kubathengisi abatsha ukuba bangene kummandla wentengiso. Iintlobo zorhwaphilizo neentlobo zolawulo lwentengiso efinyezekileyo ziyimizekelo yemimandla yentengiso yokhuphiswano olungagqibelelanga.
Approved Translation
Ukuncintisana okungaphelele kahle kwenzeka lapho noma yimuphi umthengi noma umthengisi ekwazi ukuba nomthelela othile kuntengo. Imakethe enalolu hlobo lokuncintisana yimakethe engenakho ukuncintisana okuphelele kahle — ngamanye amagama, intengo ayibekwa kuphela ngokuhlangana kokutholakalayo nokufunekayo, kodwa futhi kungaba nzima ukuthi abathengisi abasha bangene emakethe. Ukuphatha lonke igunya lokuba ngumthengisi nokuba ngumphathi onegunya eliphethwe yinani elincane labakhiqizi, yizibonelo zezimakethe ezincintisana ngokungaphelele kahle.
IMPLICIT COSTS
IMPLICIT COSTS
A firm’s implicit costs are its opportunity costs, that is, the value of something it has given up to obtain something else. An example would be the salary that the owner of the firm could be earning if he or she were doing something else.
Approved Translation
'n Firma se implisiete koste is sy geleentheidskoste, dit wil sê die waarde van iets wat hy prysgegee het om iets anders te verkry. 'n Voorbeeld is die salaris wat 'n eienaar van die firma kon verdien het as hy of sy iets anders gedoen het.
Approved Translation
Ditshenyagalelo tša kgwebo tša dibaka ke boleng bja se sengwe seo se tlogetšwego gomme legatong la sona gwa hwetšwa se sengwe. Mohlala e tla ba mogolo wo o bego o ka hwetšwa ke mong wa kgwebo ge a ka be a dira se sengwe.
Approved Translation
Ditjeo tse sa hlakang tsa feme ke ditjeo tsa yona tsa menyetla — ke ho re, boleng ba ntho eo motho a e tetseng ho fumana ntho e nngwe. Mohlala e ka eba moputso oo monga feme a ka beng a o fumana hoja o ne a etsa ntho e nngwe.
Approved Translation
Tihakelo ta feme leti ti nga riki erivaleni i tihakelo ta feme ta nkateko – ku nga, nkoka wa swin’wana leswi yi nga swi lan’wa ku kuma swin’wana. Xikombiso xa kona ku nga va muholo lowu n’winyi wa feme a a fanele ku hola wona loko a ri ku tirheni ka swin’wana.
Approved Translation
Ditshenyegelo tsa kgwebo tse di sa bonaleng ke ditshenyegelo tsa yona tsa ditshono, go raya boleng jwa sengwe se e se rebotseng go bona se sengwe. Sekai e ka nna moputso o mong wa kgwebo a neng a tla o amogela fa a ne a dira sengwe se sele.
Approved Translation
Iindleko zeshishini ezingabonakali ngokuphandle ziindleko zalo zethuba elixhanyulwayo — oko kukuthi, ixabiso lento eliyinikezeleyo ukuze lifumane enye into. Umzekelo kungaba ngumvuzo obufanele ukufunyanwa ngumnini weshishini ukuba ebesenza kwenye indawo.
Approved Translation
Izindleko zebhizinisi ezingekho obala yizindleko ezivezwa yithuba elivelile — okungukuthi ukubiza kwalokho elinikele ngakho ukuze lithole okunye. Isibonelo kungaba yiholo umninibhizinisi angabe uyalithola ukuba ube enza okunye okwehlukile.
IMPORTS
IMPORTS
Goods and services that other countries deliver to our country’s goods market
Approved Translation
Goedere en dienste wat ander lande aan ons land se goederemark lewer
Approved Translation
Diphahlo le ditirelo tšeo dinaga tša ntle di di tlišago mmarakeng wa rena wa ditšweletšwa.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo le ditshebeletso tseo dinaha tsa ka ntle di di romelang mmarakeng wa rona wa diphahlo.
Approved Translation
Tinhundzu na vukorhokeri leswi matikomambe ya swi tisaka emakete wa hina wa tinhundzu.
Approved Translation
Dithoto le ditirelo tse dinaga tse dingwe di di romelang mo mmarakeng wa rona wa dithoto.
Approved Translation
Impahla neenkonzo eziziswa ngamazwe angaphandle kummandla wethu wentengiso.
Approved Translation
Izimpahla nezinsiza ezilethwa ngamazwe angaphandle emakethe yethu yemikhiqizo.
INCOME
INCOME
A person’s income is what he or she has earned during a specific period, such as a week, a month, or a year. It is the remuneration (reward) for the application of the factors of production (natural resources, capital, labour and entrepreneurship).
Approved Translation
'n Persoon se inkome is wat hy of sy in 'n bepaalde tydperk, soos 'n week, 'n maand of 'n jaar, verdien het. Dit is die vergoeding (beloning) vir die aanwending van die produksiefaktore (natuurlike hulpbronne, kapitaal, arbeid en entrepreneurskap).
Approved Translation
Ditseno tša motho ke seo a se šometšego lebakeng le le itšego, go swana le beke, kgwedi le ngwaga. Ke moputso wa go diriša didirišwa tša tšweletšo (mehlodi ya tlhago, kapetlele, bašomi le bogwebi).
Approved Translation
Lekeno la motho ke ntho eo a e fumanang nakong e kgethehileng, e kang ya beke, ya kgwedi, kapa ya selemo. Ke moputso (kotulo) bakeng sa mosebetsi wa dintlha tsa tlhahiso (mehlodi ya thuso ya tlhaho, letlotlo, mosebetsi le bohwebi).
Approved Translation
Malinghena ya munhu hi leswi a swi holeke enkarhini wo karhi lowu vekiweke, wo tanihi vhiki, n’hweti, kumbe lembe. I hakelo ya ku tirhisiwa ka swipfuneti swa ntshovelo (switirhisiwa swa ntumbuluko, mali, ntirho na vubindzu).
Approved Translation
Lotseno la motho ke se motho a se amogelang mo pakeng e e rileng jaaka beke, kgwedi kgotsa ngwaga. Ke tuelo (moputso) wa tiragatso ya didiriswa tsa tlhagiso (metswedi ya tlhago, letlotlo, badiri le bogwebi).
Approved Translation
Ingeniso yomntu yinto ayifumene ngethuba elithile, elifana neveki, inyanga, okanye ngonyaka. Yintlawulo (umvuzo) ngenxa yokuqhutywa kweemfuneko zomsebenzi wemveliso (imithombo yobutyebi eyindalo, isixa esiyinkuzi yokuqalisa, amandla abasebenzi nosungulo lweshishini elisakhasayo).
Approved Translation
Imali engenayo yomuntu yilokho akuholile ngesikhathi esithile esinjengeviki, inyanga noma unyaka. Yinkokhelo (umklomelo) wokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphathelene nokukhiqiza (ingcebo yemvelo, imali, abasebenzi nokuqalwa kwebhizinisi).
INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
This is the responsiveness of a quantity of a product demanded to changes in the income of consumers.
Approved Translation
Dit is die reaksie van 'n hoeveelheid van 'n produk gevra op veranderings in die inkome van verbruikers.
Approved Translation
Ye ke tširogelo ya bontši bja setšweletšwa seo se nyakwago, go diphetogo tša megolo ya badiriši.
Approved Translation
Bona ke bongata ba karabelo ya sehlahiswa/seetswa se hlokwang ho diphetoho ho lekeno la basebedisi.
Approved Translation
Leswi i nhlamulo ya ntalo wa ximakiwa lexi xi laviwaka eka micinco ya timali ta vatirhisi.
Approved Translation
Se ke tsibogelo ya bogolo jwa kumo e e tlhokegang go ya ka diphetogo tsa lotseno la badirisi.
Approved Translation
Le yindlela eyimpendulo yobuninzi bemveliso efunwayo ngenxa yeenguquko kwingeniso yabasebenzisi.
Approved Translation
Lokhu ukuphendula kobungako bomkhiqizo ofunekayo, uphendula mayelana nezinguquko emalini engenayo kubasebenzisi.
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
The needs of an individual (single) person
Approved Translation
Die behoeftes van 'n individu (enkele persoon).
Approved Translation
Dinyakwago tša motho (ka botee).
Approved Translation
Ditlhoko tsa motho ka boikemelo (ka bonngwe).
Approved Translation
Swilaviwa swa munhu (un’we).
Approved Translation
Ditlhokego tsa motho a le mongwe.
Approved Translation
Iimfuno zomntu ngamnye (eyedwa
Approved Translation
Izidingo zomuntu ngamunye (oyedwa).
INFLATION
INFLATION
An economy suffers from inflation when there are constant, significant increases in the general price level.
Approved Translation
'n Ekonomie ervaar inflasie wanneer daar voortdurende, aansienlike toenames in die algemene pryspeil is.
Approved Translation
Ekonomi e ba le bothata bja infleišene ge go na le ditlhatlošo tša nako le nako tše di kgolwane tša ditheko.
Approved Translation
Moruo o a kgathatseha ke ho theoha ha matla a tjhelete ha ho ena le dinyollo tse kgolo kgafetsa ho bophahamo ba theko ka bophara.
Approved Translation
Ikhonomi yi xanisiwa hi inifulexini loko ku ri na ku tshamela ku tlakuka ka nkoka eka levhele ya nxavo wa ntolovelo.
Approved Translation
Ikonomi e nna le mathata a infoleišene fa go na le ditlhatlogo tse di tswelelang pele tse di bonalang mo ditlhotlhweng ka kakaretso.
Approved Translation
Uqoqosho luyachaphazeleka lunyuko-maxabiso xa kukho ukunyuka okuthe gqolo kwamaxabiso.
Approved Translation
Umnotho usuke unenkinga yokwehla kwamandla emali uma njalo intengo yempahla iba nokwenyuka okubonakalayo.
INFORMAL SECTOR
INFORMAL SECTOR
This is a sector of the economy in which activities take place that are not shown in the country’s official statistics. In the informal sector, people do not work in organisational structures, but essentially work for themselves, for example, street vendors and domestic workers.
Approved Translation
Dit is 'n sektor van die ekonomie waarin bedrywighede plaasvind wat nie in die land se amptelike statistieke weerspieël word nie. Mense in die informele sektor werk nie in organisasiestrukture nie, maar werk wesenlik vir hulleself, byvoorbeeld straatsmouse en huishulpe.
Approved Translation
Ke lekala la ekonomi leo go lona ditiro tšeo di lego gona di sa laetšwego dipalopalong tša semmušo tša naga. Lekaleng le e sego la semmušo, batho ga ba šome dibopegong tše di beakantšwego semmušo, eupša ba a itšhomela. Mehlala ya batho ba ba šomago lekaleng le e sego la semmušo ke bao ba rekišetšago mekgobeng le bathuši ba ka malapeng.
Approved Translation
Lefapha la moruo le seng molaong ke moo mesebetsi e etsuwang e sa hlahiswe ho dipalopalo tse molaong tsa mmuso tsa naha. Lefapheng le seng molaong batho ha ba sebetse ho diahelo tsa mokgatlo, empa bonneteng ba a itshebeletsa. Mehlala ya batho ba lefapheng le seng molaong ke barekisi ba diterateng le basebetsi ba malapeng.
Approved Translation
Sekitara ya ikhonomi laha migingiriko yi humelelaka kona leyi yi nga kombisiwiki eka tihlayonhlayo ta ximfumo ta tiko. Eka sekitara yo ka yi nga ri ya ximfumo vanhu a va tirhi ku ya hi swivandla leswi vekiweke, kambe vo titirhela vona venyi. Swikombiso swa vanhu lava va nga eka sekitara yo ka yi nga ri ya ximfumo i vaxavisi va le switarateni na vatirhi va le tindlwini.
Approved Translation
Ke lekala la ikonomi le ditiro tse di diragalang mo go lona di sa supiweng mo dipalopalong tsa semmuso tsa naga. Mo lephateng le le sa rulaganang, batho ga ba dire mo dipopegotheong tse di rulagantsweng, mme ba itirela ka bo bona. Sekai, barekisi ba mo mebileng le badiri ba mo malapeng.
Approved Translation
Icandelo lezoqoqosho apho imisebenzi engabonakaliswanga kwiinkcukacha zaseburhulumenteni zelizwe yenziwa khona. Kwicandelo elingekho sesikweni abantu abasebenzi kwizakhiwo zequmrhu, kodwa bazisebenzela ngokwabo. Imizekelo yabantu kwicandelo elingekho sesikweni zizixhobo/abathengisi basesitalatweni kunye nabasebenzi basemakhaya.
Approved Translation
Lo umkhakha wezomnotho lapho imisebenzi ethile yenziwa khona, kepha ibe ingavezwa ezibalweni ezisemthethweni zezwe. Kulo mkhakha abantu abasebenzi ezakhiweni zenhlangano ethile, kepha empeleni bayazisebenzela bona. Isibonelo, abathengisi basemgwaqweni nabasebenzi basezindlini.
INTERMEDIARY GOODS
INTERMEDIARY GOODS
These are goods that are bought to be used in the production of other goods and services. For example, flour is an intermediary product when it is used in the production of bread.
Approved Translation
Dit is goedere wat gekoop word om in die produksie van ander goedere en dienste gebruik te word. Meel is byvoorbeeld 'n intermediêre produk wanneer dit vir die produksie van brood gebruik word.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo tše di rekwago go dirišetšwa go tšweletša diphahlo tše dingwe goba ditirelo. Mohlala, folouru ke setšweletšwa sa magareng ge e dirišwa tšweletšong ya borotho.
Approved Translation
Diphahlo tse rekwang hore di sebediswe tlhahisong ya diphahlo le ditshebeleto tse ding. Ho etsa mohlala, fulouru ke sehlahiswa/seetswa se mahareng ha e sebediswa tlhahisong ya bohobe.
Approved Translation
Tinhundzu leti ti xaveriweke ku tirhisiwa ku maka tinhundzu tin’wana na vukorhokeri byin’wana. Xikombiso: fulawuri i ximakiwa xa mpfuneto loko xi tirhisiwa ku baka xinkwa.
Approved Translation
Tseno ke dithoto tse di rekelwang go dirisiwa mo tlhagisong ya dithoto tse dingwe le ditirelo. Sekao, folouru ke kumo e e magareng fa e dirisiwa go dira borotho.
Approved Translation
Impahla ethengelwa ukusetyenziswa kumsebenzi wemveliso yenye impahla nezinye iinkonzo. Umzekelo, umgubo wengqolowa uyimveliso engumdibanisi kuba usetyenziselwa ukwenza isonka.
Approved Translation
Lezi yizimpahla ezithengelwa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwezinye izimpahla nezinsiza. Ukwenza isibonelo, ufulawa ngumkhiqizo osetshenziswa ukukhiqiza isinkwa.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
This is trade between different countries.
Approved Translation
Dit is handel tussen verskillende lande.
Approved Translation
Ye ke kgwebo magareng a dinaga tše di fapafapanego.
Approved Translation
Ena ke kgwebo mahareng a dinaha tse fapaneng.
Approved Translation
Lebyi i vuxaviselani exikarhi ka matiko yo hambana.
Approved Translation
Ke kgwebisano magareng ga dinaga tse di farologaneng.
Approved Translation
Olu lurhwebo phakathi kwamazwe ahluka-hlukeneyo.
Approved Translation
Lolu luhwebo oluphakathi kwamazwe ahlukene.
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
This is the spending of a producer or firm on capital goods that can be used to produce goods and services in the future. It can also mean any use of resources today to expand production or consumption in the future.
Approved Translation
Dit is besteding deur 'n produsent of firma aan kapitaalgoedere wat gebruik kan word om goedere en dienste in die toekoms te produseer. Dit kan ook beteken enige gebruik van hulpbronne vandag om produksie of verbruik in die toekoms te verhoog.
Approved Translation
Ye ke tirišo ya tšhelete ya motho goba ya kgwebo diphahlong tša letlotlo tše di ka dirišetšwago go tšweletša diphahlo goba ditirelo mabakeng a a tlago. E ka ra gape le tirišo efe goba efe ya mehlodi lehono go katološa tšweletšo goba tirišo ya mabakeng a a tlago.
Approved Translation
Ena ke tshebediso ya tjhelete ya mohlahisi kapa feme diphahlong tsa letlotlo tse ka sebediswang ho hlahisa diphahlo le ditshebeletso nakong e tlang. Hape e ka bolela tshebediso efe le efe ya mehlodi ya thuso kajeno ho atisa tlhahiso kapa tshebediso nakong e tlang.
Approved Translation
Leswi i ku tirhisiwa ka mali hi mumaki kumbe feme eka tinhundzu to maka tin’wana leti ti nga tirhisiwaka ku maka tinhundzu tin’wana na ku nyika vukorhokeri byin’wana enkarhini lowu taka. Swi nga ha tlhela swi vula ku tirhisiwa ka xitirhisiwa xin’wana na xin’wana namuntlha ku ndlandlamuxa ntshovelo kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka swilo enkarhini lowu taka.
Approved Translation
Seno ke tiriso ya tšhelete ya motho kgotsa kgwebo mo letlotlong la dithoto tse di ka dirisiwang go tlhagisa dithoto le ditirelo mo isagong. E ka nna gape tiriso nngwe le nngwe ya gompieno ya metswedi go atolosa tlhagiso kgotsa tiriso mo isagong.
Approved Translation
Le yinkcitho yomntu okanye yeshishini kwimpahla eselugcinweni enokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa impahla neenkonzo kwixesha elizayo. Oku kusenokuthetha nakuphi ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi namhla ukuze kwandiswe umsebenzi wemveliso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwixesha elizayo.
Approved Translation
Kuchaza lapho umkhiqizi noma inkampani ithenga impahla engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsiza esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kungabuye kusho ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izingcebo namuhla, ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqiza noma ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo.
LABOUR
LABOUR
All forms of human input into the production process, which includes both physical and mental effort
Approved Translation
Alle vorme van menslike inset in die produksieproses, fisiek sowel as verstandelik.
Approved Translation
Mehuta kamoka ya tshwaelo ya motho mo tshepedišong ya tšweletšo gomme e akaretša mošomo wa matsogo le menagano.
Approved Translation
Mefuta yohle ya mosebetsi wa motho tshebetsong ya tlhahiso, e kenyeletsang mosebetsi wa matsoho esita le boiteko ba kelello.
Approved Translation
Mitirho hinkwayo ya vanhu ya phurosese ya ntshovelo, leswi swi katsaka ku tirha hi miri ku katsa na hi miehleketo.
Approved Translation
Mefuta yotlhe ya tshwaelo ya motho mo kgatong ya tlhagiso, e e akaretsang tiriso ya mmele le tlhaloganyo.
Approved Translation
Zonke iintlobo zegalelo elenziwa ngabantu kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wemveliso, ezibandakanya ilinge ngokwamandla omzimba okanye ngokwengqondo.
Approved Translation
Yizo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi ezifakwa ngumuntu kulokho okusuke kukhiqizwa, kubalwa kuzo imisebenzi eyenziwa ngamandla ezikhwepha kanye nawengqondo.
LABOUR FORCE
LABOUR FORCE
The labour force of a country is the available quantity of labour in the country.
Approved Translation
'n Land se arbeidsmag is die beskikbare hoeveelheid arbeid in die land.
Approved Translation
Bogolo bja bašomi bja naga ke bogolo bjo bo lego gona bja bašomi ka nageng.
Approved Translation
Sehlopha sa basebetsi ba naha ke bongata ba basebetsi ba fumanehang hara naha.
Approved Translation
Vatirhi va tiko i ntalo wa vatirhi lava va nga kona etikweni.
Approved Translation
Badiri botlhe ba naga ke palo e e leng teng ya badiri mo nageng.
Approved Translation
Umkhosi wokusebenza elizweni bubungakanani babantu kwilizwe elo.
Approved Translation
Amandla abasebenzi ezwe yinani elitholakalayo lalokho okwenziwa ngabantu.
LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (LFPR)
LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (LFPR)
The labour force participation rate is the fraction or percentage of the population that makes up the labour force or economically active population. It can be expressed as the labour force (the economically active population) divided by the total population, multiplied by 100.
Approved Translation
Die arbeidsmagdeelnamekoers is die breuk of persentasie van die bevolking wat die arbeidsmag of ekonomies bedrywige bevolking uitmaak. Dit kan uitgedruk word as die arbeidsmag (die ekonomies bedrywige bevolking) gedeel deur die totale bevolking, vermenigvuldig met 100.
Approved Translation
Kelo ya go kgatha tema ga bašomi (LFPR) ke karolwana ya goba phesente ya badudi bao ba ba dirago sehlopha sa bašomi goba badudi bao ba kgathago tema ekonoming. E ka hlaloswa bjalo ka bašomi (badudi ba ba kgathago tema ekonoming) ge ba arolwa ka palomoka ya badudi, gomme ba atišwa ka 100.
Approved Translation
Sekgahla sa seabo sa sehlopha sa basebetsi (LFPR) ke leqhetswana kapa pesente ya setjhaba e bopang sehlopha sa basebetsi kapa setjhaba se sebetsang ho tsa moruo. Se ka hlaloswa jwalo ka sehlopha sa basebetsi (setjhaba se sebetsang ho tsa moruo) ha se arolwa ka paloyohle ya setjhaba, se phetaphetwe ka 100.
Approved Translation
Mpimo wa ku nghenela ka vatirhi (MpiNgheVa) i xiphemunyana kumbe xidzana xo karhi xa vanhu lava va endlaka vatirhi va nhlayo leyi tirhaka ku ya hi xiikhonomi. Yi nga hlamuseriwa tanihi vatirhi (vanhu lava va tirhaka ku ya hi xiikhonomi) yi avanyisiwa hi nhlayo hinkwayo ya vanhu, yi andzisiwa hi 100.
Approved Translation
Kelo ya seabe sa badiri (LFPR) ke karolwana kgotsa peresente ya setšhaba e e bopang badiri botlhe kgotsa setšhaba se se tshwaelang mo ikonoming. E ka tlhaloswa e le badiri (setšhaba se se tshwaelang mo ikonoming) ba arolwa ka palogotlhe ya setšhaba mme e atisiwa ka 100.
Approved Translation
Izinga lothatho-nxaxheba kwabasebenzi (LFPR) licandelo labantu belizwe elingabasebenzi okanye abathatha inxaxheba kuqoqosho. Lisenokuchazwa njengabasebenzi (abathatha inxaxheba kuqoqosho) abahlulwa ngenani labemi bebonke, lize liphindaphindwe nge-100.
Approved Translation
Le yingcosana noma kumbe iphesenti labantu abenza isibalo sabasebenzi (LFPR) kumbe ababambe iqhaza kwezomnotho. Lelinani lingakhonjiswa ngokuthi uthathe isibalo sabasebenzi (inani lonke labantu abazibandakanya emsebenzini) usehlukanise ngenani lilonke lezakhamuzi zezwe bese umphumela uwuphindaphinda ngo- 100.
LABOUR INTENSIVE
LABOUR INTENSIVE
A labour-intensive production process is a process in which labour plays a more important role than machinery. Examples of labour-intensive industries are the agricultural industry and the mining industry.
Approved Translation
'n Arbeidsintensiewe produksieproses is 'n proses waarin arbeid 'n belangriker rol speel as masjinerie. Voorbeelde van arbeidsintensiewe bedrywe is die landboubedryf en die mynbedryf.
Approved Translation
Tšweletšo ye e beilwego motheong wa bašomi ke tsela yeo go yona bašomi ba kgathago tema ye bohlokwa go feta metšhene. Mehlala ya diintaseteri tšeo di theilwego tšweletšong ka bašomi ke intaseteri ya temo le ya meepo.
Approved Translation
Mosebetsi wa tlhahiso o sebedisang tshebetso e matla ya basebetsi moo basebetsi ba nang le tema ya bohlokwa ho ena le metjhine. Mehlala ya tshebetso e matla ya basebetsi ke tshebetsong ya temo le borui le tshebetsong ya merafo.
Approved Translation
Phurosese ya ntshovelo hi ntalo wa ntirhomavoko i phurosese leyi eka yona vatirhi va hoxaka xiphemu xa nkoka swinene ku tlula michini. Swikombiso swa tiindhasiteri ta ntalo wa ntirhomavoko i indhasiteri ya vurimivufuwi na indhasiteri ya timayini.
Approved Translation
Tiriso e e tseneletseng ya badiri ke tlhagiso e go dirisiwang badiri thata mo go yona go na le metšhini. Dikao tsa madirelo a go dirisiwang badiri thata mo go ona ke madirelo a temothuo le a meepo.
Approved Translation
Inkqubo yomsebenzi wemveliso ogxininisa yoekusebenzeni kwabantu yinkqubo apho ukusebenza kwabantu kudlala indima ebaluleke ngaphezu koomatshini. Umzekelo wamashishini woku lishishini lezolimo neshishini lasemigodini.
Approved Translation
Indlela yokukhiqiza egxilisisa kubasebenzi, yileyo ndlela lapho abasebenzi bebamba iqhaza elibalulekile kunalelo elibanjwa yimishini. Izibonelo zohwebo olugxilisise kubasebenzi yilolo lwezolimo nolwezimayini.
LAW OF DEMAND
LAW OF DEMAND
The law of demand states that, if nothing else changes, people will buy more of products and services when the price of these products and services drops, and will buy fewer when the price of these products and services rises.
Approved Translation
Volgens die wet van vraag sal mense, as niks anders verander nie, meer van 'n produk koop as die prys van die produk daal, en minder van die produk koop as die prys van die produk styg.
Approved Translation
Molao wa nyakego o hlalosa gore, ge go se na seo se fetogago, batho ba tla reka bontši bja setšweletšwa ge theko ya setšweletšwa seo e theoga, gomme ba tla reka bonnyane bja setšweletšwa ge theko ya setšweletšwa seo e hlatloga.
Approved Translation
Molao wa tlhoko o bolela hore, ha ho se ntho e nngwe e fetohang, batho ba tla reka haholo sehlahiswa/seetswa ha theko ya sehlahiswa/seetswa e theoha, mme ba tla reka sehlahiswa/seetswa hanyane ha theko ya sehlahiswa/seetswa e nyoloha.
Approved Translation
Nawu wa swilaviwa wu vula leswaku, loko ku nga cinci nchumu, vanhu va ta xava swimakiwa swo tala loko nxavo wa swimakiwa wu enhla, na ku va va xava swimakiwa switsongo loko nxavo wa swimakiwa wu tlhandluka.
Approved Translation
Molao wa tlhokego o kaya gore, fa go se sepe se se fetogang, batho ba tlaa reka thata dikumo le ditirelo fa tlhotlhwa ya dikumo tseno le ditirelo e fokotsega, mme ba tlaareka di se kae fa tlhotlhwa ya dikumo le ditirelo tseno e tlhatloga.
Approved Translation
Umthetho wezinto eziyimfuno uthi, ukuba akukho nto yimbi iguqukayo, abantu baya kuyithenga ngaphezulu imveliso xa ixabiso lemveliso lincipha, kwaye baya kuyithenga kancinci imveliso xa ixabiso layolinyukile.
Approved Translation
Umthetho womkhiqizo ofunekayo uthi, uma kungekho okunye okuguqukayo, abantu bazowuthenga kakhudlwana umkhiqizo nezinsiza, uma intengo yayo lemikhiqizo yehla, futhi bazowuthenga kancane umkhiqizo nezinsiza uma intengo yazo yenyuka.
LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY
LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY
This law states that, as an individual consumes more of a particular product, the marginal utility that he or she obtains from the product decreases.
Approved Translation
Hierdie wet bepaal dat, namate 'n individu meer van 'n bepaalde produk verbruik, daar 'n afname is in die grensnut wat hy of sy uit die produk verkry.
Approved Translation
Molao wo o hlalosa gore ge motho a diriša setšweletšwa ka mo go oketšegilego, mohola wo a o hwetšago setšweletšweng seo o a fokotšega.
Approved Translation
Molao ona o bolela hore, ha motho a tswela pele ho sebedisa haholo sehlahiswa/seetswa se itseng, moedi wa molemo oo a o fumanang ho sehlahiswa/seetswa o a fokotseha.
Approved Translation
Nawu lowu wu vula leswaku, munhu un’we u tirhisa swinene xitirhisiwa xo karhi, eneteko hi xitirhisiwa lowu a wu kumaka kusuka eka ku enhla ka ximakiwa.
Approved Translation
Molao o o supa gore fa motho a dirisa kumo e e rileng thata, mosola o a o bonang mo go yona o a fokotsega.
Approved Translation
Lo mthetho uthi, ngokusebenzisa komntu ngamnye imveliso ethile ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, ukusebenziseka akufumana kwimveliso leyo kuyancipha.
Approved Translation
Lo mthetho uthi, lapho umuntu esebenzisa umkhiqizo othile kakhudlwana, ukusebenziseka okwengeziwe akuthola ngomkhiqizo lowo kuyehla.
LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS
LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS
This law states that, after some point, increases in variable factors of production, such as labour, will result in smaller additional increases in output. That is, after some point, the additional output per unit of input decreases.
Approved Translation
Hierdie wet bepaal dat, ná 'n sekere punt, die toenames in veranderlike produksiefaktore, soos arbeid, tot kleiner bykomende toenames in produksie sal lei. Dit wil sê ná 'n sekere punt sal die bykomende produksie per inset-eenheid begin afneem.
Approved Translation
Molao wo, o hlalosa gore morago ga ntlha ye nngwe, dikoketšo tša didirišwa tše di fetofetogago tša tšweletšo go swana le bašomi, di tla ba le dipoelo tša dikoketšego tše nnyane tša tšweletšo. Ke gore morago ga gore ntlha ye e itšego, koketšego ya tšweletšo ka sekgao sa sedirišwa sa tšweletšo e a fokotšega.
Approved Translation
Molao ona o bolela hore ka mora ntlha e itseng, dikatiso ho dintlha tse fetofetohang tsa tlhahiso, tse kang basebetsi, sephetho e tla ba katiso ya keketso e nyane ya sephetho. Ke ho re, ka mora ntlha e itseng keketso ya sephetho ka motso wa tshebetso o a fokotseha.
Approved Translation
Nawu lowu wu vula leswaku endzhaku ka nkarhi wo karhi, ntlhakuko eka swipfuneti swo hambanahambana swa swimakiwa, tanihi ntirho, swi ta yisa eka mitlakuso yo engetela yitsongo eka xihumelerisiwa. Hileswaku, endzhaku ka nkarhi wo karhi xihumelerisiwa xa engetelo ku ya hi xinghenisiwa xin’we wa hunguteka.
Approved Translation
Molao o o tlhalosa gore morago ga nako nngwe, dikoketsego mo didirisweng tse di farologaneng tsa tlhagiso jaaka badiri, di tla baka ditlhatlosonyana tsa tlaleletso mo tlhagisong. Go raya gore morago ga nako nngwe, tlhagiso ya tlaleletso ya uniti tiro e a ngotlega.
Approved Translation
Lo mthetho, uchaza ukuba emva kwethuba elithile, ukunyuka kwiimeko ngeemeko zemveliso, njengabasebenzi, kukhokelela ekunyukeni kweendlekozemveliso. Oko kukuthi, emva kwethuba elithile, imveliso esisongezelelo ngesigaba esinye segalelo iya kwehla.
Approved Translation
Lo mthetho ubalula ukuthi ngemuva kwesigaba esithile, ukwenyuka kwezidingo zokukhiqiza ezifana nabasebenzi, kugcina kube nomphumela wokwenyuka okuncane okwengezekayo enanini lomkhiqizo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kwesigaba esithile uyancipha umkhiqizo owengeziwe waleyo naleyo mpahla.
LAW OF SUPPLY
LAW OF SUPPLY
The law of supply states that, if nothing else changes, suppliers will supply more goods and services to the market when these goods and services have higher prices, and will supply fewer when these goods and services have lower prices.
Approved Translation
Volgens die wet van aanbod sal verskaffers, as niks anders verander nie, meer goedere en dienste aan die mark aanbied as hierdie goedere en dienste hoër pryse het, en minder aanbied as hierdie goedere en dienste laer pryse het.
Approved Translation
Molao wa kabo o hlalosa gore ge go se na se se fetogago, baabi ba tla aba diphahlo tše di oketšegilego le ditirelo mmarakeng ge diphahlo tše le ditirelo di na le ditheko tša godingwana, gomme ba tla aba tše di fokotšegilego ge diphahlo tše le ditirelo di na le theko ya tlasana.
Approved Translation
Molao wa phano o bolela hore ha ho se ntho e nngwe e fetohang, bafani ba tla nehelana ka diphahlo le ditshebeletso tse eketsehileng ho mmaraka ha diphahlo le dihlahiswa tsena di na le ditheko tse hodimo, mme ba tla nehelana hanyane ka diphahlo le ditshebeletso tsena ha diphahlo le ditshebeletso tsena di na le ditheko tse tlase.
Approved Translation
Nawu wa mphakelo wu vula leswaku loko ku nga cinci nchumu, vaphakeri va ta phakela tinhundzu na vukorhokeri swo tala emakete loko tinhundzu leti na vukorhokeri swi ri na mixavo ya le henhla, naswona va ta phakela switsongo loko tinhundzu leti na vukorhokeri swi ri na mixavo ya le hansi.
Approved Translation
Molao wa tlamelo o tlhalosa gore fa go se sepe se se fetogang, batlamedi ba tlaa tlamela mmaraka ka dithoto tse dintsi le ditirelo fa dithoto le ditirelo di na le ditlhotlhwa tse di kwa godimo, mme ba tla tlamela ka di se kae fa dithoto tseno le ditirelo di na le ditlhotlhwa tse di kwa tlase.
Approved Translation
Umthetho wokunikezela uthi ukuba akukho nto yimbi iguqukayo, abaxhasi baya kunikezela ngemveliso engaphezulu yempahla neenkonzo kummandla wentengiso xa le mpahla nezi nkonzo zinamaxabiso athe chatha, kanti baya kunciphisa xa le mpahla neenkonzo zinamaxabiso ahlileyo.
Approved Translation
Umthetho wokutholakalayo uthi, uma kungekho okuguqukayo, abakhiqizi bazokwazi ukuletha inani elithe thuthu lezimpahla nezinsiza emakethe uma lezi zinto zinentengo ephezudlwana, futhi bazoletha okungaphansana uma lezo zinto zinentengo ephansi.
LIMITED RESOURCES
LIMITED RESOURCES
In economics, it is accepted that everyone has limited resources (e.g. limited financial means), that is, not enough to satisfy all their needs.
Approved Translation
Daar word in die ekonomie aanvaar dat almal beperkte hulpbronne (bv beperkte finansiële vermoëns) het, dit wil sê, nie genoeg om in al hul behoeftes te voorsien nie.
Approved Translation
Thutong ya ekonomi go a amogelega gore mang goba mang o na le mehlodi ye e sego nene (ditšhelete tše di sego nene), ke gore, ga se ya lekana go kgotsofatša dinyakwa tša bona ka moka.
Approved Translation
Ho tsa moruo ho amohetswe hore motho e mong le e mong o na le mehlodi ya thuso e lekantsweng (ho etsa mohlala ke bokgoni ba tsa ditjhelete bo lekantsweng), ke ho re, e sa lekaneng ho kgotsofatsa tsohle ditlhoko tsa bona.
Approved Translation
Eka Ntivoikhonomi swa pfumeleriwa leswaku un’wana na un’wana a va na switirhisiwa swo pimiwa (xik: tindlela leti pimiweke ta swa timali), ku nga, leswi swi nga ringanangiki ku eneta swilaviwa hinkwaswo swa vona.
Approved Translation
Mo go tsa ikonomi, go a amogelesega gore mongwe le mongwe o na le metswedi e e lekanyeditsweng (ditlamelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa ditšhelete) go raya gore, e e sa lekanang go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tsotlhe tsa gagwe.
Approved Translation
Kwezoqoqosho yamkelekile into yokuba wonke ubani abe nemithombo yobutyebi efinyezekileyo (iindlela ezifinyezekileyo zemali), oko kukuthi, ezingakulingenanga ukwanelisa zonke iimfuno zabo.
Approved Translation
Kwezomnotho kuyemukeleka ukuthi wonke umuntu unengcebo engenele (isib. amandla ezemali angenele) ukwenelisa zonke izidingo zakho.
MACROECONOMICS
MACROECONOMICS
Macroeconomics is concerned with the economy as a whole. It studies the overall economic system and total economic behaviour.
Approved Translation
Die makro-ekonomie is gemoeid met die ekonomie in die geheel. Dit is 'n studie van die algehele ekonomiese stelsel en totale ekonomiese gedrag.
Approved Translation
Ekonomi ka bophara e amana le ekonomi ka kakaretšo. E lebeletše lenaneomoka la ekonomi le maitshwaromoka a amanago le ekonomi.
Approved Translation
Tsa moruo tse pharaletseng di mabapi le moruo wohle. Di shebane le dithuto tsa tshebetso yohle ya moruo le paloyohle ya boitshwaro ho tsa moruo.
Approved Translation
Ntivoikhonomikulu yi tirhana na ikhonomi hinkwayo. Yi lavisisa sisiteme hinkwayo ya ikhonomi na mafambelo ya ikhonomi hinkwayo.
Approved Translation
Ikonomi ka kakaretso e kaya ikonomi yotlhe. E lebelela thulaganyo yotlhe ya ikonomi le maitsholo otlhe a ikonomi.
Approved Translation
Ezoqoqosho ezimbaxa zinxulumene noqoqosho luphelele. Ziphonononga inkqubo yezoqoqosho iphelele ngokunjalo nesimo sokuzilawula koqoqosho siphelele.
Approved Translation
Lokhu kubhekene nezomnotho ngokuphelele. Kucubungula uhlelo lwezomnotho ngokubanzi kanye nendlela ezomnotho ezenzeka ngayo ibukwa ngokuphelele.
MARGINAL APPROACH
MARGINAL APPROACH
The marginal approach is a way of determining at what quantity of production a firm can maximise its profits in the short term. The approach involves comparing the firm’s marginal revenue with its marginal cost.
Approved Translation
Die grensbenadering is 'n manier om vas te stel by watter produksiehoeveelheid 'n firma sy wins oor die kort termyn kan maksimeer. Dié benadering behels dat 'n mens die firma se grensinkomste met sy grenskoste vergelyk.
Approved Translation
Go šoma ka papetšo ke mokgwa wa go kgonthišiša gore ke ka bontši bofe bja tšweletšo moo kgwebo e ka hwetšago dipoelo tša godimodimo lebakeng le lekopana. Mokgwa wo wa go šoma o ama go bapetšwa ga ditseno tša kgwebo le ditshenyagalelo tša yona.
Approved Translation
Katamelo ya moedi ke mokgwa wa ho fihlella hore ke bongata bo bokae ba tlhahiso ya feme bo ka atisang diphaello tsa yona nakong e kgutshwane. Katamelo e kenyeletsa ho bapisa moedi wa lekeno la feme le moedi wa ditjeo tsa yona.
Approved Translation
Ndlela ya ku kuma mivuyelo na mpindzulo i ndlela ya ku kuma leswaku hi le ka ntalo wihi wa ntshovelo laha feme yi nga kurisaka mipindzulo ya yona hi nkarhi wo koma. Ndlela leyi yi katsa ku pimanisiwa ka timali ta feme ta ku kuma mivuyelo na mpindzulo hi ku tirhisa hakelo ya engetelo ya yona.
Approved Translation
Itlhagiso ya moolwane ke tsela ya go swetsa gore kgwebo e ka supa dipoelo tsa yona tse dikgolo mo bogolong bofe jwa tlhagiso mo pakeng e khutshwane. Itlhagiso e akaretsa tshwantshanyo ya moolwane wa lotseno la kgwebo le ditshenyegelo tsa moolwane.
Approved Translation
Indlela yokubala ubuncinane yindlela yokuqikelela ukuba kukwesiphi isixa somsebenzi wemveliso apho ishishini linokunyusa iinzuzo zalo, zifike encochoyini ngexesha elifutshane. Le nkqubo ithelekisa ubuncinane bengeniso nobuncinane beendleko.
Approved Translation
Le yindlela yokuthola ukuthi kungaba kuliphi iphuzu lobungako bokukhiqiza, lapho ibhizinisi lingakwazi ukukhulisa khona inzuzo yalo ngokuphelele, esikhathini esifushane. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuqhathanisa imali engenayo yebhizinisi eyengeziwe kanye nezindleko zalo ezengeziwe.
MARGINAL COST
MARGINAL COST
Marginal cost is the addition to total cost that a firm incurs to produce an additional unit of its product.
Approved Translation
Dit is die byvoeging by die totale koste wat 'n firma moet aangaan om 'n bykomende eenheid van sy produk te produseer.
Approved Translation
Tše ke ditshenyagalelo tše di oketšago palomoka ya ditshenyagalelo tše di hwetšwago ke kgwebo go tšweletša sekgao se se oketšago tše dingwe kgwebong.
Approved Translation
Tjeo e moeding ke keketso ho paloyohle ya tjeo eo feme e kenang ho yona ho hlahisa motso o eketsehileng ho sehlahiswa/seetswa sa yona.
Approved Translation
Hakelo ya engetelo i engetelo eka hakelo hinkwayo leyi feme yi yi kumaka ku maka nchumu wa engetelo eka ximakiwa xa feme.
Approved Translation
Moolwane wa tshenyegelo ke tlaleletso mo ditshenyegelong tsotlhe tse kgwebo e nnang le tsona go tlhagisa yuniti ya tlaleletso ya kumo ya yona.
Approved Translation
Iindleko ezithe chatha zezo zifakelwa kwiindleko zesixa esipheleleyo esichithwa lishishini ekuveliseni umlinganiselo othe chathakwimveliso yalo.
Approved Translation
Izindleko eziyisengezo zisho ukwengezwa ezindlekweni sezizonke, ibhizinisi eliba nazo ukuze likhiqize isilinganiso esisodwa esengeziwe somkhiqizo walo.
MARGINAL PRODUCT
MARGINAL PRODUCT
This refers to the quantity of additional output that a firm can produce when it adds one additional unit of variable input. For example, if a firm hires one extra worker (a variable input), the extra products that are produced by this worker are the marginal product.
Approved Translation
Dit het betrekking op die hoeveelheid bykomende produksie wat 'n firma kan produseer wanneer hy een bykomende veranderlike inset-eenheid byvoeg. As 'n firma byvoorbeeld een bykomende werker huur ('n veranderlike inset), is die ekstra produkte, wat hierdie werker produseer, die grensproduk.
Approved Translation
Se ke bontši bja tšweletšo ya tlaleletšo ye e ka dirwago ke kgwebo ge e tlaleletša ka sekgao se tee sa tšweletšo se se fetofetogago. Mohlala ke ge kgwebo e thwala mošomi o tee wa tlaleletšo (tsenyo ye e fetofetogago), ditšweletšwa tša tlaleletšo tšeo di tšweletšwago ke mošomi yoo, ke setšweletšwa sa tlaleletšo.
Approved Translation
Hona ke bongata ba sephetho se eketsehileng seo feme e ka se hlahisang ha e eketsa motso o le mong wa kenyeletso e fetofetohang. Ho etsa mohlala, ha feme e hira mosebetsi a le mong ya eketsehileng (kenyeletso e fetofetohang), dihlahiswa tse eketsehileng tse hlahiswang ke mosebeletsi enwa ke sehlahiswa/seetswa se moeding.
Approved Translation
Lowu i ntalo wa xihumesiwa xa engetelo lexi feme yi nga xi makaka loko yi engetela nchumu wun’we eka xikumiwa xo hambana. Xikombiso: loko feme yi thola mutirhi wo engetela (xihumesiwa xo hambana), swimakiwa swa engetelo leswi swi makiwaka hi mutirhi loyi i swimakiwa swa engetelo.
Approved Translation
Se se kaya bogolo jwa tlhagiso ya tlaleletso e kgwebo e ka e dirang fa e tsenya yuniti ya tlaleletso ya tiragatso e e farologaneng. Sekao, fa kgwebo e thapa modiri a le mongwe wa tlaleletso (tiragatso e e farologaneng) dikumo tsa tlaleletso tse di tlhagisiwang ke modiri yo ke kumo ya moolwane.
Approved Translation
Esi sisixa esinokukhutshwa lishishini xa linokongeza umlinganiselo omnye wegalelo lalo. Umzekelo, ukuba ishishini liqesha umsebenzi omnye ukongeza kwaba bebekade bekho (igalelo lalo), iimveliso ezithe chatha eziveliswe ngulo msebenzi yimveliso yesongezo.
Approved Translation
Lobu ubungako bomkhiqizo owengeziwe, ibhizinisi elikwazi ukukukhiqiza lapho lengeza isilinganiso esisodwa sezisetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene zalokho okufakwayo . Ukwenza isibonelo, uma ibhizinisi liqasha isisebenzi esisodwa (okuyinto efakwayo ehlukile), imikhiqizo esiyengezekile ekhiqizwa yilesi sisebenzi, ingumkhiqizo owengeziwe
MARGINAL REVENUE
MARGINAL REVENUE
A firm earns additional revenue when it sells an additional unit of its product, which is called marginal revenue.
Approved Translation
'n Firma verdien bykomende inkomste wanneer hy 'n bykomende (ekstra) eenheid van sy produk verkoop, en dit word grensinkomste genoem.
Approved Translation
Tše ke ditseno tša tlaleletšo tše di hwetšwago ke kgwebo ge e rekiša sekgao sa tlaleletšo sa setšweletšwa sa yona.
Approved Translation
Ena ke kuno e eketsehileng eo feme e e fumanang ha e rekisa motso o eketsehileng wa sehlahiswa/seetswa sa yona.
Approved Translation
Leti i timali ta engetelo leti feme yi ti kumaka loko yi xavisa nchumu wa engetelo wa ximakiwa xa yona.
Approved Translation
Kgwebo e bona lotseno la tlaleletso fa e rekisa yuniti ya tlaleletso ya kumo ya yona, e leng se se bidiwang lotseno la moolwane.
Approved Translation
Ishishini lifumana ingeniso ethe chatha xa lithengisa umlinganiselo owongezelelweyo wemveliso yalo. Loo ngeniso kuthiwa yingeniso yesongezo.
Approved Translation
Lokhu yimali engenayo eyengeziwe, ibhizinisi eliyithola lapho lithengisa isilinganiso esisodwa esengeziwe somkhiqizo walo
MARGINAL UTILITY
MARGINAL UTILITY
The marginal utility of a product is the additional utility (satisfaction) a consumer derives from consuming one extra unit of a product within a given period.
Approved Translation
Die grensnut van 'n produk is die bykomende nut (bevrediging) wat 'n verbruiker uit die verbruik van een ekstra eenheid van 'n produk binne 'n gegewe tydperk verkry.
Approved Translation
Mohola wa tlaleletšo wa sedirišwa ke kgotsofalo ya tlaleletšo ye modiriši a e hwetšago ge a diriša sekgao se tee sa tlaleletšo sa setšweletšwa lebakeng le le itšego.
Approved Translation
Molemo o moeding wa sehlahiswa/seetswa ke molemo o eketsehileng (kgotsofalo) oo mosebedisi a o fumanang ka ho sebedisa motso o le mong wa keketso ya sehlahiswa/seetswa nakong e behilweng.
Approved Translation
Engetelo henhla wa ntirhiseko wa ximakiwa i ntirhiseko wa engetelo (eneteko) lowu mutirhisi a wu kumaka loko a tirhisa xitirhisiwa xin’wana xa engetelo wa ximakiwa ekarhini lowu vekiweke.
Approved Translation
Mosola wa moolwane wa kumo ke mosola wa yona wa tlaleletso (kgotsofalo) o modirisi a o bonang ka go dirisa yuniti e le nngwe ya tlaleletso ya kumo mo pakeng e e beilweng.
Approved Translation
Ukwanelisseka okusisongezo kwenzeka xa umsebenzisi enokwaneliseka okuthe chatha xa ethe wasebenzisa umlinganiselo owongezelelweyo kwithuba elibekiweyo.
Approved Translation
ukusebenziseka okwengeziwe (ukweneliseka), umthengi/umsebenzisi akuthola ngokusebenzisa iyunithi elilodwa lomkhiqizo elengeziwe, esikhathini esithile esinikeziwe.
MARKET
MARKET
A market is any place where buyers and sellers communicate with the aim of exchanging information on buying and selling goods and services, determining the price of these goods and services, and determining the quantity to be bought or sold.
Approved Translation
'n Mark is enige plek waar kopers en verkopers kommunikeer met die doel om inligting uit te ruil oor die koop en verkoop van goedere en dienste, om die prys van hierdie goedere en dienste vas te stel, en om te bepaal watter hoeveelheid gekoop of verkoop sal word.
Testing Sepedi comment.